Effect of Natural Fermentation of Sorghum on Resistant Starch Molecular Structure and Fermentation Property

Table 6

Acid production of sorghum starch and resistant starch in simulated human intestine.

Sample	Sample concentration (g/L)	Fermentation time (h)	Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, μmol/mL)
			Lactic acid	Formic acid	Acetic acid	Propionic acid	Butyrate	Total SCFA	Butyrate/total SCFA (%)
Starch	0.2	6	1.28 ± 0.12c	0.12 ± 0.01a	6.30 ± 0.75b	2.53 ± 0.42a	0.91 ± 0.68a	9.86 ± 1.86a	9.23
		12	0.08 ± 0.08a	0.05 ± 0.05a	7.95 ± 0.42a	3.71 ± 0.32b	1.46 ± 0.76a	13.17 ± 1.55a	11.09
		24	0.01 ± 0.07a	0.05 ± 0.10b	9.71 ± 0.62a	4.58 ± 0.55a	1.80 ± 0.86a	16.14 ± 2.13a	11.15
	0.4	6	0.99 ± 0.22c	0.11 ± 0.01a	6.01 ± 0.44b	3.20 ± 0.47b	0.99 ± 0.38a	10.31 ± 1.3a	9.60
		12	0.05 ± 0.14c	0.12 ± 0.01a	8.67 ± 0.55b	4.12 ± 0.72a	1.68 ± 0.64a	14.59 ± 1.92a	11.51
		24	0.12 ± 0.08b	0.08 ± 0.03a	11.1 ± 0.32b	4.84 ± 0.53b	2.33 ± 0.64a	18.65 ± 1.52a	12.49
	0.8	6	1.81 ± 0.03c	0.11 ± 0.08b	7.60 ± 0.88a	3.30 ± 0.41a	1.36 ± 0.44a	12.37 ± 1.81a	10.99
		12	0.33 ± 0.25c	0.14 ± 0.01a	9.61 ± 0.65a	4.53 ± 0.32a	2.09 ± 0.58a	16.37 ± 1.56a	12.77
		24	0.14 ± 0.16c	0.16 ± 0.05b	1.34 ± 0.54b	5.53 ± 0.47a	1.12 ± 0.61b	8.15 ± 1.67a	13.74
Unfermented RS	0.2	6	2.30 ± 0.14a	0.03 ± 0.03b	7.47 ± 0.27ab	4.00 ± 0.88b	0.94 ± 0.41a	12.44 ± 1.59b	7.56
		12	0.22 ± 0.03b	0.25 ± 0.12a	9.27 ± 0.89b	3.40 ± 0.37b	1.50 ± 0.22a	14.42 ± 1.6b	10.40
		24	0.08 ± 0.21b	0.24 ± 0.01a	9.72 ± 0.24a	5.46 ± 0.49a	1.85 ± 0.86a	17.27 ± 1.6b	10.71
	0.4	6	4.66 ± 0.33a	0.22 ± 0.04b	9.71 ± 0.62a	4.80 ± 0.48b	0.89 ± 0.69a	15.62 ± 1.83b	5.70
		12	3.24 ± 0.25a	0.12 ± 0.02a	10.4 ± 0.73ab	5.80 ± 0.27b	1.17 ± 0.64b	17.49 ± 1.66b	6.69
		24	1.02 ± 0.16a	0.21 ± 0.02b	12.3 ± 0.58a	7.18 ± 0.64a	1.89 ± 0.28a	21.58 ± 1.52b	8.76
	0.8	6	8.44 ± 0.34b	0.41 ± 0.05b	11.7 ± 0.78b	5.07 ± 0.63b	0.74 ± 0.45b	17.92 ± 1.91b	4.13
		12	8.38 ± 0.25b	0.04 ± 0.02b	12.8 ± 0.88b	5.78 ± 0.48b	0.92 ± 0.78b	19.54 ± 2.16b	4.71
		24	8.91 ± 0.12b	0.11 ± 0.02a	14.0 ± 0.47a	6.16 ± 0.44a	0.78 ± 0.39a	21.05 ± 1.32b	3.71
Fermented RS	0.2	6	1.58 ± 0.03b	0.14 ± 0.01c	7.81 ± 0.92b	4.29 ± 0.62b	0.80 ± 0.42b	13.04 ± 1.97c	6.13
		12	0.14 ± 0.07c	0.08 ± 0.12a	9.16 ± 1.12b	5.26 ± 0.56b	1.43 ± 0.87a	15.93 ± 2.67c	8.98
		24	1.21 ± 0.17c	0.14 ± 0.06b	9.93 ± 0.72b	5.47 ± 0.67a	2.10 ± 0.42b	17.64 ± 1.87b	11.90
	0.4	6	3.35 ± 0.23b	0.12 ± 0.04c	8.44 ± 0.62a	4.57 ± 0.44a	1.08 ± 0.42b	14.21 ± 1.52c	7.60
		12	1.48 ± 0.11b	0.15 ± 0.05a	10.3 ± 1.12a	5.95 ± 0.57b	1.76 ± 0.33c	18.16 ± 2.07c	9.69
		24	0.17 ± 0.06b	0.05 ± 0.12c	11.3 ± 0.68ab	6.55 ± 0.42a	2.64 ± 0.75a	20.54 ± 1.97b	12.85
	0.8	6	9.55 ± 0.17a	3.18 ± 0.11a	12.8 ± 0.73c	5.03 ± 0.62b	0.77 ± 0.64b	21.78 ± 2.1c	3.54
		12	1.01 ± 0.12a	0.09 ± 0.16b	13.7 ± 0.85b	5.73 ± 0.84b	0.89 ± 1.22b	20.41 ± 3.07c	4.36
		24	10.3 ± 0.3a	0.23 ± 0.11c	13.8 ± 0.52c	5.98 ± 0.42a	0.72 ± 0.62a	20.73 ± 1.67c	3.47

Note. Values with different letters in columns are significantly different () from each other.