Research Article
Effect of Natural Fermentation of Sorghum on Resistant Starch Molecular Structure and Fermentation Property
Table 6
Acid production of sorghum starch and resistant starch in simulated human intestine.
| Sample | Sample concentration (g/L) | Fermentation time (h) | Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, μmol/mL) | Lactic acid | Formic acid | Acetic acid | Propionic acid | Butyrate | Total SCFA | Butyrate/total SCFA (%) |
| Starch | 0.2 | 6 | 1.28 ± 0.12c | 0.12 ± 0.01a | 6.30 ± 0.75b | 2.53 ± 0.42a | 0.91 ± 0.68a | 9.86 ± 1.86a | 9.23 | 12 | 0.08 ± 0.08a | 0.05 ± 0.05a | 7.95 ± 0.42a | 3.71 ± 0.32b | 1.46 ± 0.76a | 13.17 ± 1.55a | 11.09 | 24 | 0.01 ± 0.07a | 0.05 ± 0.10b | 9.71 ± 0.62a | 4.58 ± 0.55a | 1.80 ± 0.86a | 16.14 ± 2.13a | 11.15 | 0.4 | 6 | 0.99 ± 0.22c | 0.11 ± 0.01a | 6.01 ± 0.44b | 3.20 ± 0.47b | 0.99 ± 0.38a | 10.31 ± 1.3a | 9.60 | 12 | 0.05 ± 0.14c | 0.12 ± 0.01a | 8.67 ± 0.55b | 4.12 ± 0.72a | 1.68 ± 0.64a | 14.59 ± 1.92a | 11.51 | 24 | 0.12 ± 0.08b | 0.08 ± 0.03a | 11.1 ± 0.32b | 4.84 ± 0.53b | 2.33 ± 0.64a | 18.65 ± 1.52a | 12.49 | 0.8 | 6 | 1.81 ± 0.03c | 0.11 ± 0.08b | 7.60 ± 0.88a | 3.30 ± 0.41a | 1.36 ± 0.44a | 12.37 ± 1.81a | 10.99 | 12 | 0.33 ± 0.25c | 0.14 ± 0.01a | 9.61 ± 0.65a | 4.53 ± 0.32a | 2.09 ± 0.58a | 16.37 ± 1.56a | 12.77 | 24 | 0.14 ± 0.16c | 0.16 ± 0.05b | 1.34 ± 0.54b | 5.53 ± 0.47a | 1.12 ± 0.61b | 8.15 ± 1.67a | 13.74 |
| Unfermented RS | 0.2 | 6 | 2.30 ± 0.14a | 0.03 ± 0.03b | 7.47 ± 0.27ab | 4.00 ± 0.88b | 0.94 ± 0.41a | 12.44 ± 1.59b | 7.56 | 12 | 0.22 ± 0.03b | 0.25 ± 0.12a | 9.27 ± 0.89b | 3.40 ± 0.37b | 1.50 ± 0.22a | 14.42 ± 1.6b | 10.40 | 24 | 0.08 ± 0.21b | 0.24 ± 0.01a | 9.72 ± 0.24a | 5.46 ± 0.49a | 1.85 ± 0.86a | 17.27 ± 1.6b | 10.71 | 0.4 | 6 | 4.66 ± 0.33a | 0.22 ± 0.04b | 9.71 ± 0.62a | 4.80 ± 0.48b | 0.89 ± 0.69a | 15.62 ± 1.83b | 5.70 | 12 | 3.24 ± 0.25a | 0.12 ± 0.02a | 10.4 ± 0.73ab | 5.80 ± 0.27b | 1.17 ± 0.64b | 17.49 ± 1.66b | 6.69 | 24 | 1.02 ± 0.16a | 0.21 ± 0.02b | 12.3 ± 0.58a | 7.18 ± 0.64a | 1.89 ± 0.28a | 21.58 ± 1.52b | 8.76 | 0.8 | 6 | 8.44 ± 0.34b | 0.41 ± 0.05b | 11.7 ± 0.78b | 5.07 ± 0.63b | 0.74 ± 0.45b | 17.92 ± 1.91b | 4.13 | 12 | 8.38 ± 0.25b | 0.04 ± 0.02b | 12.8 ± 0.88b | 5.78 ± 0.48b | 0.92 ± 0.78b | 19.54 ± 2.16b | 4.71 | 24 | 8.91 ± 0.12b | 0.11 ± 0.02a | 14.0 ± 0.47a | 6.16 ± 0.44a | 0.78 ± 0.39a | 21.05 ± 1.32b | 3.71 |
| Fermented RS | 0.2 | 6 | 1.58 ± 0.03b | 0.14 ± 0.01c | 7.81 ± 0.92b | 4.29 ± 0.62b | 0.80 ± 0.42b | 13.04 ± 1.97c | 6.13 | 12 | 0.14 ± 0.07c | 0.08 ± 0.12a | 9.16 ± 1.12b | 5.26 ± 0.56b | 1.43 ± 0.87a | 15.93 ± 2.67c | 8.98 | 24 | 1.21 ± 0.17c | 0.14 ± 0.06b | 9.93 ± 0.72b | 5.47 ± 0.67a | 2.10 ± 0.42b | 17.64 ± 1.87b | 11.90 | 0.4 | 6 | 3.35 ± 0.23b | 0.12 ± 0.04c | 8.44 ± 0.62a | 4.57 ± 0.44a | 1.08 ± 0.42b | 14.21 ± 1.52c | 7.60 | 12 | 1.48 ± 0.11b | 0.15 ± 0.05a | 10.3 ± 1.12a | 5.95 ± 0.57b | 1.76 ± 0.33c | 18.16 ± 2.07c | 9.69 | 24 | 0.17 ± 0.06b | 0.05 ± 0.12c | 11.3 ± 0.68ab | 6.55 ± 0.42a | 2.64 ± 0.75a | 20.54 ± 1.97b | 12.85 | 0.8 | 6 | 9.55 ± 0.17a | 3.18 ± 0.11a | 12.8 ± 0.73c | 5.03 ± 0.62b | 0.77 ± 0.64b | 21.78 ± 2.1c | 3.54 | 12 | 1.01 ± 0.12a | 0.09 ± 0.16b | 13.7 ± 0.85b | 5.73 ± 0.84b | 0.89 ± 1.22b | 20.41 ± 3.07c | 4.36 | 24 | 10.3 ± 0.3a | 0.23 ± 0.11c | 13.8 ± 0.52c | 5.98 ± 0.42a | 0.72 ± 0.62a | 20.73 ± 1.67c | 3.47 |
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Note. Values with different letters in columns are significantly different ( ) from each other. |