Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Steroid Saponins Isolated from Rhizoma Paridis

Table 2

Summary of the anticancer activities of steroid saponins in vivo.

Animal models	Drug dose	Effects	Ref.
HepG2 xenografts in nude mice	Intraperitoneal injection with 1 or 3 mg/kg compound 1 and polyphyllin VII for 3 weeks	Compound 1 and polyphyllin VII significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the growth of HepG2 xenografts through regulation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways	[20]
SKOV3 xenografts in nude mice	Intraperitoneal injection with 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg polyphyllin VII for 3 weeks	Polyphyllin VII markedly restrained tumor growth meanwhile increased the ratio of BAX/BCL-2 and cleaved caspase-3 expression	[29]
SKOV3 or HOC-7 xenografts in nude mice	Intraperitoneal injection with 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg pb/formosanin C for 4 weeks	Formosanin C remarkably compromised angiogenesis by reduction of VEGF and inhibition of VEGFR2 phosphorylation as well as inactivation of proangiogenic kinases Src, FAK, and Akt	[30]
PC-9-ZD xenografts in nude mice	2, 4, and 8 mg/kg polyphyllin D by gavage administration for 2 weeks	Polyphyllin D treatment robustly decreased 18F-FDG-uptake compared with the control group	[35]
PLC xenografts in nude mice	Intragastrical administration with 10 mg/kg polyphyllin D for 25 days	Polyphyllin D hampered vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation, an indication of cancer metastasis, through inhibition of the PI3K-Akt-Twist1-VE-cadherin pathway	[41]