Anthelminthic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities and FTIR Analyses of Vernonia camporum Stem-Bark

Table 6

Mean zones of inhibition (ZI) of methanol and hexane extracts of V. camporum and ciprofloxacin and clotrimazole standards.

Sample/drug	Conc. (mg/mL)	Mean zone of inhibition (mm) (mean ± SEM)
		E. coli	S. aureus	P. aeruginosa	B. subtilis	C. albicans
Ciprofloxacin	0.05	24.0 ± 0.121	30.0 ± 0.217	28.0 ± 0.081	24.0 ± 0.164	NA
Clotrimazole	0.05	NA	NA	NA	NA	22.0 ± 0.171
Methanol extract	25.00	27.0 ± 0.019	24.0 ± 0.061	22.0 ± 0.099	22.0 ± 0.077	20.0 ± 0.184
	12.50	18.0 ± 0.020	16.0 ± 0.090	20.0 ± 0.097	16.0 ± 0.068	14.0 ± 0.088
	6.25	—	—	14.0 ± 0.186	10.0 ± 0.128	—
Hexane extract	25.00	26.0 ± 0.146	18.0 ± 0.119	16.0 ± 0.210	14.0 ± 0.114	20.0 ± 0.094
	12.50	14 ± 0.024	12.0 ± 0.030	—	—	16.0 ± 0.171
	6.25	—	—	—	—	—

NA: not applicable; diameter of the cork borer = 10 mm.