Characterization of Two Historical Postage Stamps Made from Cotton Fibers and Their Restoration Trials Based on the Experimental Studies

Figure 9

The cracks in the printing ink layer of red stamp at 500X magnification power (a). The printing ink layer at 120X magnification (b). The growth of fungi on the paper fibers at 4000X magnification (c). The cracking of the color layer and the growth of fungi on the printing ink at 2000X magnification (d). The erosion of the stamp fibers showing their attack by fungi at 500X magnification (e). The shape of the stamp fiber paper, which shows that it is made of cotton pulp at a magnification of 1000X (f).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)