Effective Approach of Activated Jordanian Bentonite by Sodium Ions for Total Phenolic Compounds Removal from Olive Mill Wastewater

Table 1

Main characteristics of the OMW sample untreated and treated with PB and AJB.

Parameters	Untreated OMW	Literature ranges values	Reference	Treated OMW with PB	Treated OMW with AJB	% removal using PB	% removal using AJB
Sodium (Na^+), mg L^−1	297.9	200–570	[54, 55]	186.4	119.4	37.4	59.9
Potassium (K^+), mg L^−1	6366.3	639–10800	[56, 57]	4075.1	2606.3	35.9	59.1
TPC, g GAE/L	1.34	0.26–10.7	[56, 58]	0.85	0.44	36.6	67.2
Alkalinity (CaCO3), mg L^−1	2000	3150–9070	[59]	1500	500	25.0	75.0
Total chlorine, mg L^−1	20	33.3–142.7	[60]	15	7	25.0	65.0
Phosphate (), mg L^−1	4120	31.8–1820	[61]	460	230	88.8	94.4
Nitrate (-N), mg L^−1	360	350–390	[62]	230	120	36.1	66.7
COD, mg L^−1	12000	1900–220000	[63, 64]	7030	1182	41.4	90.2
TDS, mg L^−1	34700	5900–103200	[65]	13140	11899	62.1	65.7