Ethnobotanical Uses, Chemical Constituents, and Application of Plantago lanceolata L.

Table 4

Pharmacological activities of different parts of P. lanceolata L.

Part used	Pharmacological activities	Bioactive compounds	Reference
Aerial part	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities	P-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside	[21]
Aerial parts	Wound healing, eye infections	Not identified	[25]
Aerial parts and leaves	Wound healing activity	Iridoidglucosides	[49]
Aerial parts and leaves	Cytotoxic activity	Flavonoids	[21]
Aerial parts, leaves, seeds and whole plan	Anti-inflammatory activity	--	[21, 53]
Flowers	Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities	Flavonoids and anthocyanin	[54]
Flowers, leaves, and roots	Antimicrobial activity	Phenolics and flavonoid	[21]
Flowers, leaves, and roots	Antimicrobial activities	Flavonoids, coumarins, lipids, cinnamic acids, lignans, and phenolic compound	[54]
Leave	Cytotoxic activity	Luteolin-7-O--glucoside	[32]
Leave	Anti-inflammatory	Polyphenols	[53]
Leave	UV-protecting and fibroblast growth-stimulating activity	Phenolic and flavonoid compounds	[55]
Leave	Antimicrobial activity	Polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids	[8]
Leave	Antioxidant activity	Flavonoids, tannins and saponins	[1]
Leave	Anti-inflammatory activity	Aucubin and flavonoids	[53]
Leave	Anti-ulcer activity	Polyphenol and flavonoids	[21]
Leave	Free radical scavenging activities	Polyphenolic compounds, iridoid glucosides, phenylethanoid glycoside, aucubin and flavonoids	[17]
Leave, flower, root	Antioxidant activity	Phenolic compounds	[4]
Leaves	Anti-ulcer activity	--	[56]
Seed	Wound healing activity	Catalpol, aucubin, and acteoside	[57]
Seed	Anti-inflammatory activity	Iridoid glucosides	[53]
Seed	Parasite worms	Iridoid glucosides	[9]
Whole part	Wound healing activity	Iridoid glucosides	[49]
Whole plant, leaves	Anti-obesity	--	[4]