Research Advances in Antitumor Mechanism of Evodiamine

Table 1

Inhibition of tumor cell activity and proliferation by evodiamine in cancer cell lines.

Cell line	Cell type	Specific results	Mode of action	References
MCF-7/ADR	Breast cancer	The IC50 values of MCF-7 cells treated with evodiamine for 24, 48, and 72 h were 7.68 μM, 0.64 μM, and 0.30 μM, respectively. The IC50 values of the MCF-7/ADR cells were higher than those of MCF-7, with values of 24.47 μM, 1.26 μM, and 0.47 μM for 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment with evodiamine, respectively.	Inhibiting cell activity via the regulation of Ras/MEK/ERK pathway	[35]
HCT-116/L-OHP	Colorectal cancer	The cells were treated with evodiamine at 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 μM for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Evodiamine significantly enhanced rhodamine 123 accumulation and caused a significant decrease in the IC50 level in HCT-116/L-OHP cells.	Inhibiting the p50/p65 NF-kappaB pathway	[36]
HepG2, Huh-7, and Hep3B	Hepatocellular carcinoma	The cells were treated with evodiamine at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 μM for 72 h. Evodiamine inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner under hypoxia (survival fraction: 1.0–0.3).	Downregulating HIF-1α under hypoxia	[37]
HepG2 and Bel-7402	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Evodiamine treatment at a range of concentrations (0, 0.25, 1, 4, 8, 16, and 32 μM) inhibited HepG2 cells and Bel-7402 growth. The IC50 values of HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells at 48 h were 14.7 μM and 16 μM, respectively.	Affecting the Hippo-Yes-associated protein signaling pathway	[38]
HuCCT-1 and TFK-1	Cholangiocarcinoma	Two CCA cell lines, HuCCT-1 and TFK-1, were treated with evodiamine at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 μM) for different time periods (24, 48, or 72 h). Cell viability: 80%–20% (HuCCT-1); 75%–25% (TFK-1).	Inducing IL-6/STAT3 signaling inhibition.	[27]
143B and MG63	Osteosarcoma	143B cells were treated with evodiamine at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, and 32 μM. MG63 cells were treated with evodiamine at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 16 μM. Cell viability was measured at 24, 48, and 72 h. Relative growth rate: 95%–15% (143B); 98%–30% (MG63).	Inhibiting Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway	[39]
A-375	Melanoma	The cells were treated with evodiamine at 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 μM for 24, 48, and 72 h. Relative cell viability: 1.0–0.2.	Inducing reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis and necrosis	[40]