Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Mechanisms of a Novel Polyacrylamide-Strychnos potatorum Seed-Derived Activated Carbon Composite for Aqueous Hardness Removal

Figure 1

SEM images of (a) Strychnos potatorum seed powder, (b) charcoal prepared from Strychnos potatorum seeds, (c) activated carbon prepared from Strychnos potatorum seeds, and (d) PA-ACSPC.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)