Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phytochemicals from Ruellia tuberosa

Figure 1

Effect of (a) extract, (b) compounds 1–4, and (c) compounds 5–8 on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell viability. Cells were incubated for 24 h with the indicated concentrations (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 μg/mL). Data are expressed as mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments. RTH: n-hexane fraction; RTEA: ethyl acetate fraction. RTM: methanol fraction; RTE: crude ethanol extract.

(a)

(b)

(c)