Traditional Uses, Active Ingredients, and Biological Activities of Paris polyphylla Smith: A Comprehensive Review of an Important Himalayan Medicinal Plant

Table 2

Pharmacological uses and phytoconstituents of Paris polyphylla.

Pharmacological uses	Phytoconstituents	Method adopted	References
Anticancer	Diosgenyl and pennogenylsaponins	Human A 549 lung cancer cell lines	[69]
	Steroidal saponins	Human cancer cell lines HEX 293 and HepG2	[59, 70, 73]
	Saponins	MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines	[71]
	Polyphyllin D	HMEC-1 cell, human erythroleukemia cell line K562	[59, 65, 74]
	Polyphyllin I	Human gastric cancer cell lines	[75, 76]
Immunostimulating activity	Diosgenylsaponins	—	[76]
Antioxidant activity	—	DPPH assay	[27]
Antiaging activity	Polysaccharide (consisting of L-arabinose and D-galactose)	D-galactose-induced mouse aging model	[67]
Protective effect	Steroidal saponin	Ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats	[77]
Antimicrobial activity	—	Disc diffusion assay against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Trichodermareesei, and Propionibacterium acnes	[78]
	Saponins	—	[79]
	Saponins	—	[35]
Anti-abnormal uterine bleeding	Steroidal saponins	—	[80]