Chemical syntheses involve either hazardous reactants or byproducts which adversely affect the environment. It is, therefore, desirable to develop synthesis processes which either do not involve hazardous reactants or consume all the reactants giving no byproducts. We have synthesized CuO nanoparticles (NPs) adhering to some of the principles of green chemistry. The CuO NPs have been synthesized exploiting extracts of vegetable wastes, that is, Cauliflower waste and Potatoes and Peas peels. The extracts were aimed to work as capping agents to get control over the microstructure and morphology of the resulting CuO NPs. The green synthesized CuO NPs were characterized to explore the microstructure, morphology, optical bandgaps, and photocatalytic performances. XRD revealed that the CuO NPs of all the samples crystallized in a single crystal system, that is, monoclinic. However, the morphologies and the optical bandgaps energies varied as a function of the extract of vegetable waste. Similarly, the CuO NPs obtained through different extracts have shown different photocatalytic activities. The CuO NPs produced with extract of Cauliflower have shown high degradation of MB (96.28&#x25;) compared to obtained with Potatoes peels (87.37&#x25;) and Peas peels (79.11&#x25;).

Hameed Ullah

Zia Ullah

Aliya Fazal

Muhammad Irfan

Use of Vegetable Waste Extracts for Controlling Microstructure of CuO Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Applications

Lanthanum has been doped onto the surface of the natural Pyrolusite for simultaneous removal of phosphate and fluoride in aqueous solution. The adsorbent characterization of the materials was observed by the SEM, BET, and XRD techniques. The dynamics and isotherms models of fluoride and phosphate adsorption, with respect to pH, pH<sub>PZC</sub>, adsorbent dose, and effect of coexisting ions, were studied. The results showed that lanthanum doped Pyrolusite ore (LDPO) relatively highly adsorbed amount of phosphate and fluoride from aqueous solution. Phosphate and fluoride removal efficiencies of LDPO are approximately 97&#x25; and 95&#x25;, respectively. Pseudo-first order for kinetic studies of phosphate and fluoride removal of the LDPO was observed with high correlations for fluoride but weak correlations for phosphate. However, pseudo-second order for kinetic studies was high correlation for both phosphate and fluoride. The phosphate and fluoride adsorption capacities of the LDPO significantly decreased with the existence of coions (sulfate, chloride, and nitrate) in the aqueous solution.

Nguyen Thi Hue

Nguyen Hoang Tung

Study about Doping Ion La<sup>3+</sup> onto Surface of Pyrolusite Ore for Removing Simultaneously Both Fluoride and Phosphate from Wastewater

This article focuses on analyzing the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) data for total mercury concentrations (THg) in lake and stream sediments. The objective was to quantify how sediment THg varies by (i) sediment organic matter, determined by loss on ignition (LOI) at 500<sup>∘</sup>C, (ii) atmospheric Hg deposition (atm.<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-5.98702pt" id="M1" height="14.375pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 30.1035 14.375" width="30.1035pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g121-70" d="M729 650H468V622C546 615 554 610 554 527V365H213V527C213 610 221 616 297 622V650H38V622C120 616 128 611 128 527V123C128 39 120 34 40 28V0H303V28C221 34 213 40 213 123V322H554V123C554 39 546 34 460 28V0H728V28C647 34 639 39 639 123V527C639 610 647 615 729 622V650Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.606,0)"><path id="g121-101" d="M463 437C426 431 375 425 327 422C297 440 264 449 231 449H230C153 449 51 396 51 283C51 215 94 168 139 149C123 129 91 103 51 88C50 78 53 60 62 46C75 25 100 2 136 -9C112 -28 73 -59 53 -79C38 -94 29 -113 29 -135C30 -192 91 -257 203 -257C336 -257 452 -160 452 -59C452 39 371 59 309 59C275 59 240 58 203 58C158 58 140 77 140 96C140 110 157 129 170 138C186 135 205 133 221 133C306 133 396 185 396 293C396 328 384 360 366 381L423 378C439 387 459 413 468 429L463 437ZM219 418C277 418 314 362 314 284C314 205 275 166 231 165C176 165 137 221 137 299C137 376 177 418 219 418ZM241 -11C285 -11 314 -14 339 -24C367 -36 384 -61 384 -95C384 -157 335 -206 240 -206C166 -206 108 -165 108 -110C108 -82 128 -54 154 -32C172 -17 195 -11 241 -11Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.75,3.818)"><path id="g58-98" d="M526 56L493 58C457 61 448 68 448 119V710C411 697 344 682 288 675V646C362 641 367 639 367 573V439C344 448 315 451 300 451C164 451 40 342 40 202C40 61 147 -12 227 -12C239 -12 266 -7 305 16L367 53V-12C427 10 505 21 526 26V56ZM367 88C342 69 306 54 271 54C207 54 133 111 133 229C133 373 219 409 264 409C301 409 342 394 367 359V88Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.646,3.818)"><path id="g58-99" d="M384 109C349 76 310 59 268 59C197 59 123 113 120 245C240 248 367 259 384 262C403 266 407 275 407 296C407 376 338 451 254 451H253C201 451 148 425 105 378C65 334 39 272 39 203C39 88 112 -12 235 -12C266 -12 339 5 402 84L384 109ZM230 411C285 411 319 365 319 313C319 298 313 293 294 293C236 291 180 290 125 290C141 370 185 411 230 411Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,24.595,3.818)"><path id="g58-110" d="M173 382V461C125 442 68 425 25 418V390C88 382 92 382 92 317V-127C92 -191 84 -199 18 -204V-235H259V-204C180 -196 173 -192 173 -120V7C188 -1 212 -11 243 -12C375 12 495 109 495 261C495 361 427 451 316 451C303 451 283 446 266 435L173 382ZM173 345C200 365 243 388 274 388C346 388 409 329 409 222C409 111 353 40 266 40C231 40 196 56 173 79V345Z"/></g></svg>) as derived from the Global/Regional Atmospheric Heavy Metals Model GRAHM2005, and (iii) mean annual precipitation and mean monthly July and January temperatures (<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-5.48788pt" id="M2" height="14.45pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 22.3604 14.45" width="22.3604pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-85" d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path id="g58-72" d="M310 650H45V617C128 612 136 604 136 522V187C136 103 134 47 125 -1C114 -60 85 -105 26 -133L41 -166C69 -158 100 -141 135 -110C201 -52 223 22 223 154V522C223 603 231 612 310 617V650Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.969,3.132)"><path id="g58-115" d="M527 54L498 55C459 56 451 63 451 114V445C436 442 413 438 384 435C353 432 318 430 291 429V402L328 396C361 390 370 387 370 331V101C336 70 300 54 262 54C217 54 173 78 173 166V300C173 361 173 412 176 445C160 442 132 438 105 434C77 431 52 430 29 429V402L59 395C83 390 92 385 92 331V141C92 30 150 -12 218 -12C246 -12 266 -4 295 13C324 29 346 47 370 64V-6L376 -12C396 -7 421 1 448 8C476 15 504 21 527 24V54Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.937,3.132)"><path id="g58-106" d="M244 0V30C178 35 170 41 170 107V710C136 697 72 680 18 675V647C83 642 89 639 89 572V107C89 43 80 35 16 30V0H244Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.24,3.132)"><path id="g58-119" d="M488 439H302V409C359 401 366 390 354 354C333 287 289 177 262 107L171 356C158 391 163 402 210 409L209 439H3V409C59 401 68 388 90 336C119 267 164 144 204 31C211 16 211 0 206 -15C202 -27 195 -48 176 -81C153 -124 134 -146 102 -166C85 -177 77 -187 77 -203C77 -228 107 -253 136 -253C151 -253 164 -248 169 -228C185 -175 203 -120 273 41C342 204 375 284 399 337C425 392 435 401 488 409V439Z"/></g></svg>, <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-4.69778pt" id="M3" height="13.6599pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 19.748 13.6599" width="19.748pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-85"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-72"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.005,3.132)"><path id="g58-95" d="M442 39L431 68C420 63 406 57 394 57C377 57 359 71 359 118V301C359 353 349 393 314 424C291 443 261 451 230 451C171 438 107 401 79 381C59 366 46 355 46 340C46 316 72 295 91 295C106 295 117 303 122 319C131 350 139 371 152 384C163 397 178 404 197 404C246 404 281 365 281 293V278C260 262 186 232 124 213C69 194 41 161 41 112C41 47 92 -12 163 -12C195 -12 243 25 283 51C288 35 293 22 308 7C319 -4 339 -12 354 -12L442 39ZM281 87C262 68 226 51 199 51C169 51 129 74 129 126C129 162 151 181 190 198C211 208 259 229 281 240V87Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.009,3.132)"><path id="g58-108" d="M532 0V30C473 38 467 38 467 107V298C467 395 416 451 336 451C307 451 279 439 251 420C226 404 205 389 185 374V453C142 434 94 422 43 413V386C98 378 104 373 104 309V107C104 41 100 38 31 30V0H251V30C191 35 185 40 185 107V337C216 364 255 389 295 389C360 389 386 347 386 276V110C386 44 380 35 321 30V0H532Z"/></g></svg>). Through regression analyses and averaging by National Topographic System tiles (NTS, 1:250,000 scale), it was found that 40, 70, and 80% of the sediment THg, LOI, and atm.<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-5.98702pt" id="M4" height="14.375pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 30.1035 14.375" width="30.1035pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-70"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.606,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-101"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.75,3.818)"><use xlink:href="#g58-98"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.646,3.818)"><use xlink:href="#g58-99"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,24.595,3.818)"><use xlink:href="#g58-110"/></g></svg> variations were, respectively, related to precipitation, <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-5.48788pt" id="M5" height="14.45pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 22.3604 14.45" width="22.3604pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-85"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-72"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.969,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-115"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.937,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-106"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.24,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-119"/></g></svg>, and <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-4.69778pt" id="M6" height="13.6599pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 19.748 13.6599" width="19.748pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-85"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-72"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.005,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-95"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.009,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-108"/></g></svg>. In detail, lake sediment THg was related to atm.<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-5.98702pt" id="M7" height="14.375pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 30.1035 14.375" width="30.1035pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-70"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.606,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-101"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.75,3.818)"><use xlink:href="#g58-98"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.646,3.818)"><use xlink:href="#g58-99"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,24.595,3.818)"><use xlink:href="#g58-110"/></g></svg> and precipitation, while stream sediment THg was related to sediment LOI and <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-5.48788pt" id="M8" height="14.45pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 22.3604 14.45" width="22.3604pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-85"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-72"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.969,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-115"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.937,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-106"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.24,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-119"/></g></svg>. Plotting sediment THg versus sediment LOI revealed a curvilinear pattern, with highest Hg concentrations at intermediate LOI values. Analysing the resulting 10th and 90th log<sub>10</sub>THg percentiles within each 10% LOI class from 0 to 100% revealed that (i) atm.<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-5.98702pt" id="M9" height="14.375pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 30.1035 14.375" width="30.1035pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-70"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.606,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-101"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.75,3.818)"><use xlink:href="#g58-98"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.646,3.818)"><use xlink:href="#g58-99"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,24.595,3.818)"><use xlink:href="#g58-110"/></g></svg> contributed to the organic component of sediment THg and (ii) this was more pronounced for lakes than for streams.

Mina Nasr

Paul A. Arp

Mercury and Organic Matter Concentrations in Lake and Stream Sediments in relation to One Another and to Atmospheric Mercury Deposition and Climate Variations across Canada

In this work, a new catalytic approach for the C-O activation of enol phosphates based on a palladium supported on layered double hydroxide was developed. In this case, two different ketene aminal phosphates were used as models to study the synthesis of <i>&#x3b1;</i>-phenyl enecarbamates N-Boc/CBz under the Suzuki-Miyaura conditions. The use of an ortho-bromoaniline as precursor allowed the synthesis of the 2-phenyl indole through an arylation/Heck cyclization. Catalyst reusability enabled the synthesis of the heterocycle in moderate yields for four consecutive runs.

Jaqueline D. Senra

Aires C. Silva

Raquel V. Santos

Luiz Fernando B. Malta

Alessandro B. C. Simas

Palladium on Layered Double Hydroxide: A Heterogeneous System for the Enol Phosphate Carbon-Oxygen Bond Activation in Aqueous Media

Olive fruits, as well as their corresponding oil, represent an interesting source of phytochemicals, mainly phenolic compounds, which arise as secondary metabolites, resulting from the plant’s response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, olive fruits from three distinct cultivars (“Cobrançosa,” “Galega Vulgar,” and “Picual”) grown in Portugal and displaying different degree of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses have been studied in relation to the concentration of total phenolic compounds,<i> ortho</i>diphenols and flavonoids, besides antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.181499pt" id="M1" height="11.9479pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.7664 45.7803 11.9479" width="45.7803pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g121-77" d="M381 665C170 665 44 498 44 318C44 125 188 -15 369 -15C552 -15 703 117 703 333C703 534 550 665 381 665ZM359 629C491 629 601 517 601 306C601 114 502 21 390 21C249 21 146 158 146 346S248 629 359 629Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.594,0)"><path id="g121-80" d="M631 18C609 24 585 35 559 65C534 91 514 117 478 169C448 214 406 281 389 313C462 346 516 399 516 485C516 545 490 590 449 616C412 641 363 650 290 650H42V622C120 615 128 612 128 527V125C128 40 120 34 38 28V0H300V28C221 34 212 40 212 125V284H244C295 284 312 272 329 244C359 195 395 133 430 84C475 19 516 -3 592 -7C603 -8 615 -8 627 -8L631 18ZM212 316V563C212 591 215 602 223 607C231 613 248 617 277 617C352 617 423 577 423 469C423 415 407 375 368 345C343 324 310 316 260 316H212Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,17.849,0)"><path id="g121-63" d="M673 0V28C608 34 594 43 563 129C499 303 432 494 370 665L339 656L132 132C98 43 84 37 20 28V0H238V28C162 35 154 45 175 108C188 150 203 192 219 237H432C454 176 474 122 487 83S491 36 428 28V0H673ZM418 280H234C265 362 296 450 328 535H330L418 280Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.467,0)"><path id="g121-65" d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,35.245,3.132)"><path id="g58-68" d="M502 500C497 551 492 613 491 650H43V617C122 612 130 606 130 521V129C130 45 122 38 41 33V0H319V33C227 38 217 45 217 129V305H319C411 305 413 295 427 225H461V421H427C414 357 411 348 319 348H217V580C217 609 219 612 250 612H330C401 612 423 605 439 578C452 557 458 539 467 496L502 500Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,40.159,3.132)"><path id="g58-74" d="M499 166C484 119 466 88 447 68C424 43 390 38 338 38C297 38 262 40 242 51C223 62 218 80 218 133V522C218 607 226 612 309 617V650H41V617C124 612 131 605 131 522V129C131 45 123 38 38 33V0H497C505 30 529 128 534 160L499 166Z"/></g></svg>), in three maturation stages and two distinct harvest seasons (2012-2013). Generally, a decrease of all phenolic contents throughout the maturation stages has been observed, while, concerning cultivar, green olives of “Cobrançosa” showed the highest values for all contents assessed, denoting a strong influence of the genetic background. The same trend has not been observed regarding antioxidant activity, since Cobrançosa and Galega Vulgar cultivars presented the highest values only for the DPPH and <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.181499pt" id="M2" height="11.9479pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.7664 45.7803 11.9479" width="45.7803pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-77"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.594,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-80"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,17.849,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-63"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.467,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-65"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,35.245,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-68"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,40.159,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g58-74"/></g></svg> assays. Moreover, multivariate analyses pointed to the preponderance of the cultivars’ phenolic composition in the semiripe stage for the resistance to biotic stress, with “Galega” the most susceptible cultivar, presenting the lowest contents at this maturation stage, whereas “Picual” displayed the most pronounced phytochemical response.

Irene Gouvinhas

Ra&#xfa;l Dom&#xed;nguez-Perles

Amadeo Giron&#xe9;s-Vilaplana

Teresa Carvalho

Nelson Machado

Ana Barros

Kinetics of the Polyphenolic Content and Radical Scavenging Capacity in Olives through On-Tree Ripening

Analytical Chemistry

Agricultural Chemistry

Environmental Chemistry

Food Chemistry

Geochemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

Medicinal Chemistry

Materials Chemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

Organometallic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Physical Chemistry

Petroleum Chemistry

Theoretical Chemistry

biochemistry

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<p><em>Journal of Chemistry </em>publishes original research articles as well as review articles on all aspects of fundamental and applied chemistry, including biological, environmental, forensic, inorganic, organic, physical and theoretical.</p>


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Journal of Chemistry publishes original research articles as well as review articles on all aspects of fundamental and applied chemistry, including biological, environmental, forensic, inorganic, organic, physical and theoretical.

Journal of Chemistry