Research Article

Exploiting Location and Contextual Information to Develop a Comprehensive Framework for Proactive Handover in Heterogeneous Environments

Table 9

Delay for proactive handover scenarios.

Source Target Handover 𝑡 𝑟 (s) 𝑡 𝑎 (s) 𝑇 𝐸 𝐻 (s)

802.11g HSDPA Upward 3 2 3
HSDPA 802.11g Downward 4 0 4
802.11g 802.11g Horizontal 4 0 4
HSDPA HSDPA Horizontal 1 0 1