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| Reference | Policy/algorithm/strategy | Problem addressed | Improvement/achievement |
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| [122] (2020) | Network slicing and extension for software-defined optical networks (eSONA) | SONA extension for software-defined optical networks (eSONA) that enables optical network slicing by identifying management properties like a supply manager, slice manager, and route provisioner | It has demonstrated its ability to manage several slices and provide a route on each slice, dividing it among a common optical network infrastructure. In situations where there is a vast quantity of nodes, the execution and performance take a few durations to supply the routing path, which is very essential regarding the optical network terrain |
| [18] (2019) | DWDM/ROADM | To satisfy the backbone bandwidth needs for 5G and the internet of things, an SDN was integrated into an optical network to boost the current optical network’s ability to handle high data speeds (IoT) | This paper demonstrates how SDN significantly improves the efficiency of current optical networks |
| [123] (2019) | The multilayer SDN inter- and intra-DC SDNs | Analysing multilayer network architectures and demonstrating how these solutions, when combined with SDN, can help future networks become more simple, scalable, and cost-effective | The most recent proposals for SDNs with many layers are submitted. Not only were such solutions been proposed, but their effect on network reliability and complexity has also been examined |
| [107] (2019) | RWA, ROADM | To optimize the use of some features in an optical spectrum by creating a dynamic spectrum allocation technique suitable for scaling the optical network with a well-defined algorithm. This could either be done with a software-based program or artificial intelligence | The creation of wavelength, bandwidth, or routing assignment algorithms that make for faster configuration of optical networks while also addressing major drawbacks such as bit speed, packet loss, and latency |
| [124] (2017) | ROADM and SNR | Enhanced the optical relation capacity utilisation in the network that is appropriate for improving inter-data center networking | Manipulated the loss profiles of the ROADMs in the network to boost OSNR, resulting in a 10 dB increase in total capacity to 112% |
| [125] (2016) | SDN-EON | Flexible solutions for elastic optical networks based on SDN | Reduced the likelihood of SDN-EON being implemented in the heart of the public network infrastructure in a limited period of time |
| [126] (2016) | MPLS | Current IP networks’ challenges of connection capacities in the optical domain change, and the requirement to make them respond dynamically | PoPs were deployed in a superimposing SDN over an existing network to add new functionality to the network while minimizing the effect on the network’s reliability characteristics |
| [18] (2016) | Hybrid | Used SDN for the flexible administration and management to allow controllers to respond fast to changing market needs | The paper came out that the organizational use of the framework is decreasing as the framework’s efficiency grows. For the entire utilisation of resources in optical networks in general, SDN is needed |
| [127] (2016) | Open transport switch virtual (OTSv) and DevOps vs NetOps | Provide insight into the setup of SDN applications in optical networks | Paper suggested that conventional embedded control planes can be used as carriers and develop strategies for a smooth transition |
| [128] (2016) | Algorithm for clustering based on single linkage and new architecture for SDN controllers | How network resources are distributed through various SNCs | From the results, it came out that the performance of a federated architecture can only be compared with that of a single controller scheme |
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