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| Reference | Problem | Proposed solution/Purpose | Description | Limitations |
|
| [152] | Fixed duty cycle control overhead | AD-MAC protocol | An adaptive duty cycle is proposed where the duty cycle, particularly the sleep schedule, is altered to accommodate different traffic patterns. | # Packet delivery ratio and throughput not considered. |
| Wake-up time can be extended for incomplete data transmissions. |
| The use of a fuzzy logic system to determine node traffic uncertainties. |
| [153] | Fixed duty cycle | L-MAC protocol | Dynamically adjust the duty cycle of SMAC to adapt to changes in the environment of greenhouse environmental monitoring | # Performance evaluation is limited to energy consumption. |
| # Algorithm for the protocol not clearly given |
| [110] | Fixed duty cycle and unnecessary idle listening. | Designed a novel analytical model to mitigate unnecessary idle listening caused by a fixed duty cycle. | A novel analytical model is designed to conserve energy and reduce unnecessary idle listening by creating a dynamic sleep period depending on the traffic conditions. | # They excluded how the model dynamically puts nodes to sleep to conserve energy. |
| # The reason for exempting the sensing energy for the computation of total energy was not given. |
| [67] | Fixed duty cycle and idle listening | Variable traffic-adaptive duty cycle sensor MAC (VTA-SMAC) | Virtual clustering, adaptive duty cycle, and dynamic sleep algorithms are utilized to solve high energy consumption of border nodes, traffic load variation and low data traffic issues of SMAC, respectively | # A comparative paper of VTA-SMAC and other asynchronous low duty cycle MAC protocols. |
| # Implementation of VTA-SMAC in NS-3 |
| # Repetitive calculation of duty cycle. |
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