Cloud Model-Based Energy Management Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Vehicles

Table 2

Comparison of component losses for two controllers for four driving cycles.

	ICE losses (kWh)	Electric motor (kWh)	Transmission losses (kWh)	Battery losses (kWh)
UDDS
FLC	4.68	0.034	0.089	0.087
Cloud	4.37	0.050	0.089	0.087
FTP
FLC	6.56	0.053	0.13	0.13
Cloud	6.14	0.076	0.13	0.13
HWFET
FLC	4.40	0.039	0.13	0.054
Cloud	3.93	0.065	0.13	0.054
NEDC
FLC	4.06	0.031	0.097	0.073
Cloud	3.79	0.05	0.096	0.067