An Improved Method of Particle Swarm Optimization for Path Planning of Mobile Robot

Table 1

Standard test function.

Function name	Expression	Optimal solution	Range of independent variables
Ackley		0	(−32, 32)
Griewank		0	(−600, 600)
Rastrigin		0	(−5.12, 5.12)
Rosenbrock		0	(−2.048, 2.048)
Sphere		0	(−100, 100)