Nonfragile <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-4.3443pt" id="M1" height="15.7437pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0657574 -11.3994 26.6531 15.7437" width="26.6531pt"><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-0.017,0,0)"><path id="g113-73" d="M828 650H570L564 622C646 614 650 609 634 524L604 366H253L281 524C296 608 308 615 382 622L388 650H132L126 622C211 615 214 609 198 524L121 122C106 42 102 35 23 28L17 0H276L282 28C196 35 191 40 206 122L243 324H597L559 123C544 42 537 35 452 28L446 0H710L716 28C632 35 628 43 643 122L719 524C735 610 741 615 822 622L828 650Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,13.299,4.134)"><path id="g50-30" d="M1000 227C1000 351 905 451 780 451C658 451 590 380 530 279C465 385 388 451 261 451C168 451 38 376 38 210C38 98 121 -12 261 -12C381 -12 448 59 508 160C573 53 652 -12 780 -12C879 -12 1000 64 1000 227ZM485 199C434 109 370 25 271 25C188 25 133 117 133 241C133 355 189 414 249 414C357 414 426 302 485 199ZM903 204C903 70 852 25 790 25C681 25 611 136 552 240C603 330 669 414 768 414C855 414 903 321 903 204Z"/></g></svg> Filtering for Nonlinear Markovian Jumping Systems with Mode-Dependent Time Delays and Quantization

Wang, Yanqin; Ren, Weijian; Lu, Yang

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7167692

Journal of Control Science and Engineering

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Abstract Introduction Preliminaries Numerical Example Conclusions Acknowledgments References Copyright Related Articles

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2016 | Article ID 7167692 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7167692

Nonfragile Filtering for Nonlinear Markovian Jumping Systems with Mode-Dependent Time Delays and Quantization

Yanqin Wang,^1,2Weijian Ren ,¹and Yang Lu³

Academic Editor: Derui Ding

Received17 Oct 2016

Accepted23 Nov 2016

Published21 Dec 2016

Abstract

This paper is about the nonfragile filtering problem for a class of Markovian jumping systems (MJSs) subject to mode-dependent time delays and quantization. Mode switching is considered not only in the system parameters but also in the time delays. Signal quantization is taken into account to reflect the phenomenon of incomplete measurement. Norm bound uncertainty is utilized to indicate the filter gain variation due to the inaccuracy of actual filtering realization. The purpose of this paper is to design a nonfragile filter so that the filtering error dynamics is stochastically stable with a prescribed disturbance attenuation level. By the Lyapunov stability theory, stochastic analysis theory, and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) technique, some new sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of the desired nonfragile filter which ensures the stochastic stability and performance of the filtering error dynamics. The expression of the filter can be obtained via solving the feasible solution to the LMIs. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed filtering scheme.

1. Introduction

Recently, as a special class of stochastic systems, Markovian jumping systems (MJSs) have been employed to model many kinds of dynamic systems such as manufacturing system, networked control systems (NCSs) and financial market system. MJSs can reflect the abrupt phenomena in the aforementioned systems including variation of system structures and parameters, component, or interconnection failures and sudden environment disturbances. Thus, a large number of results have been reported in the literature about MJSs on stability analysis [1–3], control [4–6], and filtering [7, 8] problems. To mention a few, the sliding mode controller has been designed in [4] for a kind of uncertain MIMO linear MJSs; authors of [2] studied the stability and stabilization problem of continuous-time stochastic MJSs with random switching signals, while the event-triggered filtering problem for networked MaJSs is investigated in [7]. On the other hand, time delays exist extensively in practical applications, which may cause oscillation or even instability of MJSs and increase the complexity of system analysis and design; thus some efforts have been made on the MJSs subject to time delays [1, 8]. For example, the globally exponential stability and stabilization problems have been dealt with in [1] for interconnected MJSs with mode-dependent time delays. deconvolution filter has been designed in [8] for singular MJSs with time-varying delays and parameter uncertainties.

In the field of filtering for MJSs, the existing results generally assume that the filter parameters can be implemented precisely. Nevertheless, the assumption is not always reasonable as there exists inevitable parameters variation in actual systems due to a number of reasons such as finite precision and rounding errors. To avoid the undesirable consequences that resulted from the inaccurate execution of filters/estimators/controllers parameters, some research motivation has been stimulated on the nonfragile characteristics which can tolerate a degree of gain variations, and some relevant papers have appeared on this topic [6, 9–13]. On the other hand, the filter can make the norm of the transfer function from the noise signal to the filtering error less than a given index, and different from the common Kalman filtering approach, the one can be applied to the situation with unknown statistic characteristics of noise signals. However, it should be noted that nonfragile filtering for MJSs with mode-dependent time delays is still an open issue. Therefore, one of the motivations of this paper is to focus on deriving the sufficient conditions which guarantee both the stochastic stability and the prescribed disturbance attenuation performance of the filtering error dynamics against the gain uncertainties.

Nowadays, more and more research attention has been paid on the network-induced phenomena caused by the limited bandwidth of the communication channel, for the reason that they may degrade the performance of the NCSs. So far, to better depict and analyze the real condition of NCSs, network-induced phenomena such as time delays [14, 15], channel fading [16], data missing [17–19], and quantization effect [20, 21] have been incorporated into system models. Among them, it becomes essential to investigate the occurring of incomplete measurements, such as measurement quantization, which originates from the imperfect communications in numerous engineering practices particularly in networked environments, and several literatures have been accessible. For example, in [20], the phenomena of missing measurements, random occurring sensor saturation, and quantization have been described within a unified expression for complex networks. The filter has been designed in [22] for time-varying systems with measurement dropouts and quantization. A necessary and sufficient condition is first proposed which illustrates that the expected expression of the time-varying filter can be determined by solving the coupled recursive Riccati difference equations (RDEs).

In fact, almost all practical systems contain nonlinearities [14, 23, 24], which would arise in a probabilistic way and change randomly on the aspects of type and intensity, and this phenomenon is called randomly occurring nonlinearities (RONs). RONs can be utilized to reflect the network-induced congestions caused by the limitations of bandwidth when there are a great many packets transmitted in the communication channel at one instant, and the probability of occurring would be obtained by experiments [16]. Different functions or constraint conditions, such as sigmoid functions, nonmonotonic functions, sector-bounded condition, and Lipschitz condition, have been selected to describe nonlinearities. In [25], nonmonotonic nonlinear functions have been used which quantify their lower and upper bounds precisely/tightly, and this is good for employing the method based on linear matrix equalities (LMIs) to decrease the potential conservatism. Nevertheless, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the nonfragile filtering issue for MJSs with RONs, time delays, and quantization has not been studied yet, which constitutes the main motivation of this paper.

In this paper, the nonfragile filtering problem is investigated for a class of discrete-time MJSs with mode-dependent time delays, quantization, and RONs. Taking these factors into account, the nonlinear MJSs model becomes complicated. Therefore, the mathematical analysis will be more complex and challenging. After deriving the augmented system of the original state and the filtering error, Lyapunov stability theorem and matrix analysis technology are utilized to obtain the sufficient conditions for designing the filter. The gain of the filter can be known in terms of the feasible solution to the LMIs. A simulation example is presented to verify the usefulness of the addressed method. The main novelties of this paper are summarized as follows. The nonfragile filtering issue is studied for a class of discrete-time MJSs with mode-dependent time delays, randomly occurring gain variations, randomly occurring nonlinearities, and measurement quantization. Sufficient conditions are derived via Lyapunov theory and stochastic analysis technique, which ensure the existence of nonfragile filter and guarantee the stochastic stability of the filtering error dynamics with a prescribed disturbance attenuation level.

Notation. Throughout this paper, means the transpose of . means the dimensional Euclidean space and is the set of all real matrices. The set of all nonpositive integers is denoted by . and denote the identity matrix and zero matrix, respectively. The notation means that is a real symmetric and positive definite matrix. and represent, respectively, the expectation of and the expectation of conditional on . stands for the Euclidean norm of a vector . In symmetric block matrices, the shorthand represents a block diagonal matrix with diagonal blocks being the matrices , and the symbol denotes an ellipsis for terms induced by symmetry. Matrices without explicitly stated dimensions are supposed to be compatible for matrix operations.

2. Problem Formulation and Preliminaries

, which satisfies , describes the Markov chain whose transition probability matrix iswhere denotes the transition probability from mode to mode with , .

Consider the following discrete-time MJSs with mode-dependent time delays and RONs:where is the state vector; denotes the discrete-time delays; describes the nonlinear disturbance with ; shows the external disturbance and belongs to ; is measurement output; is the output of the system, which is the linear combination of , , and .

The Bernoulli-distributed white sequence , which represents the phenomenon of RONs, conforms to the following probability distribution:where is a known constant.

In the whole paper, the following assumption is made.

Assumption 1. For any , , the nonlinear function satisfieswhere and are known constant scalars.

The set shows modes of equation (2), for the th mode , system matrices, and time delays, are represented by , , , , , , and .

The signal quantization may greatly influence the performance of the filters. The quantizer is denoted by According to [20], the logarithmic typed is selected here. For each , quantization levels are shown by

The logarithmic quantizer is defined aswith . It follows from [20] thatLetting , the measurement with quantization is described asDenoting and setting , then the quantization effect is shown by

Considering the filter gain variations in actual implementation, the following structure of filter is constructed:where is filter state and is the matrix to be computed. The random variable is employed to regulate the occurrence of such filter gain variations, whose expectation and variance are and , respectively, and is uncorrelated with . determines the gain uncertainties of the norm-bounded multiplicative form as follows:where and are known matrices of proper dimensions and is the unknown matrix with .

Remark 2. In practical applications, the filter gain variations occur inevitably for the reason of rounding errors and the demands for readjusting filter gains. Furthermore, random and sudden shifts caused by random changes of loads in NCSs can influence the actual values of the filter under implementation. In (11), the stochastic variable is employed to characterize the random occurring of this kind of filter gain uncertainties. Next, we are to obtain a filter with satisfactory filtering performance in spite of stochastic gain drifts on the expected values and stochastic analysis technique will be adopted to deal with it.

Denoting , , and , from (2), (9), and (11), the following error dynamics is obtained:

Noting , , and and combining the filter error (13) with system (2), we have the following augmented system:where

Our objective is to establish a nonfragile filtering approach for MJSs (2) with measurement quantization (9). To be specific, we are interested in designing a filter in the form of (11) with admissible gain variations of the form (12) so that the following requirements are satisfied:(a)The augmented system (14) is stochastically stable.(b)The filtering error from (14) satisfies the performance constraint as follows:

By defining Lyapunov-Krasovskii function, sufficient conditions for the existence of the desired filter (11) for MJSs (2) will be given and the gain matrix can also be calculated explicitly.

3. Main Results

The following lemmas are employed for the derivation of the main results.

Lemma 3 (Schur complement [26]). Given constant matrices , , and where and , then if and only if

Lemma 4 (-procedure [26]). Let , , and be real matrices of appropriate dimensions with satisfying ; thenif and only if there exists a positive scalar such thator, equivalently,

Lemma 5 (see [25]). Suppose that is a positive-semidefinite diagonal matrix. Let and be a continuous nonlinear function satisfyingwith and being constant scalars. Thenorwhere and .

Denoting , and .

In the following theorem, the sufficient conditions which guarantee the stochastic stability and the performance of (14) will be derived.

Theorem 6. Let the parameters be known. The augmented system (14) is stochastically stable if there exist a set of matrices , matrix , and diagonal matrices and satisfyingwhere

Proof. Construct the following Lyapunov function:whereFor , we haveFrom Assumption 1 and Lemma 5, it can be obtained thatCombining (30) and (31), we getAccording to (28)–(32), we havewhereBy applying Lemma 3 to (24), it can be deduced that ; then we have the conclusion that system (14) with is stochastically stable.
Then we proceed to analyze the performance for system (14). Construct a cost function as follows:Combining (28), (29), and (33), we can acquire thatwhere . According to (24), we know that . Letting , we havewhich completes the proof.

Now we will deal with the filter design problem. From Theorem 6, the following results are derived.

Theorem 7. There exists a nonfragile filter (11) such that the augmented system (14) is stochastically stable if there exist two sets of matrices , , positive constant scalars , matrix , and diagonal matrices and satisfyingwhereFurthermore, the gain of the filter is given by .

Proof. From Theorem 6, it is derived thatwhereThen, using the Schur complement Lemma to (40) and splitting the obtained inequality, we havewithAfter some matrix analysis with (42), the following inequality can be derived:whereAccording to Lemmas 4 and 3, (44) holds if and only if the following inequality holds:whereLetting , it is convenient to see that (46) is equivalent to (38) and the proof is now complete.

Remark 8. In the context of MJSs, different modes need to be dealt with which are decided by the probability transition matrix. Consequently, the mathematical analysis becomes more complicated when dealing with the nonlinear MJSs. For example, meanwhile in the constructing of Lyapunov function, positive definite matrix under different modes is considered.

Remark 9. The filter parameters can be obtained by Theorem 7 which is derived on the basis of Theorem 6. Through solving the feasible solution to certain LMIs with Matlab, the desired nonfragile filter gain can be calculated explicitly. In Theorem 7, sufficient conditions are demonstrated which guarantee that the augmented system (14) is stochastically stable and satisfies the performance constraint (16). It should be mentioned that the parameters of the system, the delay info, the mode switching probabilities, and matrices of the gain variations and quantization are contained in Theorem 7. It can be seen that the existence of the nonfragile filter is based on the feasible solution to the LMI (38). A simulation example is used to check the developed method in the next section.

4. Numerical Example

In this section, an example is presented to illustrate the addressed filtering method. Consider the MJSs (2) with parameters as follows:

The parameters of the quantizer are selected as and . Meanwhile, the nonlinear function is chosen asWe can obtain that and . By the LMI Toolbox in Matlab, the LMIs (38) are solved with the above parameters, and the following feasible solution is acquired:

According to Theorem 7, (11) is the desired filter of the MJSs (2) with the aforementioned parameters, and the gain matrix of the filter is figured out asThen, we will present a simulation to further testify the stability of system (14) as well as the performance of the filter (11). Select the noise signal as , and set , . Figure 1 plots the evolution of the system modes. Figure 2 shows the real measurement signal with quantization and ideal measurement outputs. Figures 3 and 4 depict the states of the MJSs and the filter . Figure 5 represents the estimation error , and we can confirm that the nonfragile filter works effectively with a relatively fine performance.

Different from the filtering method presented in [27, 28], the established method here can be applied to the complex networks with time delays, quantization, and RONs and can tolerate a degree of stochastic filter gain variation. The stochastic stability and performance of the filtering error dynamics can be satisfied simultaneously.

5. Conclusions

In this paper, the nonfragile filtering method has been proposed for MJSs with mode-dependent time delays, measurement quantization, RONs, and gain variations. Lyapunov stability theory and stochastic analysis theory associated with LMIs technique have been adopted in the analysis process. Sufficient conditions have been derived for obtaining the nonfragile filter which can guarantee the stochastic stability and performance of the filtering error dynamics. Via solving the feasible solution to certain LMIs, the gain of the desired nonfragile filter can be calculated. The numerical simulation has verified the performance of the nonfragile filter. The present results could be extended to complex networks [11], fuzzy systems [12], and sensor networks [29], and so forth.

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61422301 and 61374127, the Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province under Grant JC2015016, the Technology Foundation for Selected Overseas Chinese Scholar from the Ministry of Personnel of China, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany.

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Copyright © 2016 Yanqin Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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