Acute-Phase Serum Amyloid A as a Marker of Insulin Resistance in Mice

Table 2

Expression of inflammatory genes and genes related to insulin sensitivity in liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice. Data are reported as copy number relative to 10⁴ copies of house keeper. Numbers of animals (𝑛) are in parentheses. Data are mean ±SEM; ^*𝑃<.05 versus Chow, ^**𝑃<.01 versus Chow, ^(a)𝑃<.05 versus 1 w HFD, ^(b)𝑃<.01 versus 1 w HFD; two-tailed Student’s t-test.

Experimental Groups	Chow	1 w HFD	16 w HFD
	Copy number	Copy number	Copy number
Liver
Ccl2	590 ± 179 (6)	1,813 ± 692 (6)	4,769 ± 677 (6)^**(a)
Cxcl1	2,074 ± 529 (6)	4,465 ± 1,016 (6)	13,709 ± 1,489 (6)^**(b)
Cd68	8,969 ± 880 (6)	13,192 ± 1,621 (6)^*	28,417 ± 3,828 (6)^**(b)
Cd11b	2,129 ± 223 (6)	1,300 ± 278 (6)^*	2,317 ± 156 (6)^(b)
Emr1	2,789 ± 588 (6)	3,525 ± 646 (6)	5,186 ± 977 (6)
Adipoq	61 ± 23 (6)	67 ± 11 (6)	33 ± 3 (6)^(a)
Glut4	80 ± 15 (6)	84 ± 15 (6)	212 ± 44 (6)^*(a)
Insr	9,416 ± 1,909 (4)	5,795 ± 223 (4)	7,275 ± 380 (4)^(a)
Irs1	19,376 ± 1,196 (6)	20,830 ± 905 (6)	18,087 ± 355 (6)^(a)
Irs2	55,531 ± 4,549 (6)	31,257 ± 4,180 (6)^**	13,435 ± 832 (6)^**(b)
Pgc1a	7,065 ± 1,584 (6)	3,357 ± 460 (6)^*	6,348 ± 559 (6) ^(b)
Pgc1b	6,257 ± 1,012 (6)	9,217 ± 1,576 (6)	12,543 ± 1,083 (6)^**
Adipose tissue
Ccl2	10,700 ± 6,564 (5)	6,628 ± 628 (5)	32,055 ± 8,522 (6)^(a)
Cxcl1	1,861 ± 752 (6)	802 ± 129 (6)	1,859 ± 284 (6)^(b)
Cd68	51,947 ± 5,446 (6)	92,213 ± 15,472 (6)^*	1,492,178 ± 435,981(6)^**(b)
Cd11b	19,011 ± 3,357 (6)	35,227 ± 4,969 (6)^*	227,310 ± 49,105 (6)^**(b)
Emr1	2,187 ± 381 (6)	6,618 ± 1,032 (6)^**	55,752 ± 7,298 (6)^**(b)
Adipoq	1,658,946 ± 598,784 (6)	2,028,698 ± 485,799 (6)	803,801 ± 248,995 (6)^(a)
Glut4	19,418 ± 6,662 (6)	78,678 ± 11,679 (6)^**	25,965 ± 7,010 (6)^(b)
Insr	18,149 ± 2,080 (4)	17,441 ± 1,248 (4)	13,880 ± 477 (4)^(a)
Irs1	60,068 ± 12,861 (6)	36,282 ± 2,983 (6)	11,888 ± 2,316 (6)^**(b)
Irs2	88,190 ± 14,430 (6)	81,351 ± 6,149 (6)	24,811 ± 3,661 (6)^**(b)
Pgc1a	1,776 ± 441 (6)	1,009 ± 87 (6)	1,070 ± 388 (6)
Pgc1b	7,558 ± 1,261 (5)	6,282 ± 737 (4)	4,042 ± 299 (5)^*(a)
Skeletal muscle
Ccl2	204 ± 46 (6)	554 ± 131 (6)^*	1,224 ± 111 (6)^**(b)
Cxcl1	89 ± 9 (6)	70 ± 13 (6)	129 ± 15 (6)^*(a)
Cd68	3,927 ± 643 (6)	4,237 ± 445 (6)	10,178 ± 422 (6)^**(b)
Cd11b	2,239 ± 361 (6)	3,463 ± 521 (6)	3,956 ± 773 (6)
Emr1	387 ± 25 (6)	421 ± 57 (6)	724 ± 41 (6)^**(b)
Adipoq	94,837 ± 17,077 (6)	116,610 ± 56,998 (6)	114,194 ± 19,422 (6)
Glut4	512,548 ± 27,756 (6)	379,390 ± 30,641 (6) ^**	423,423 ± 22,047 (6)^*
Insr	57,791 ± 2,283 (6)	42,298 ± 1,673 (6) ^**	50,984 ± 2,188 (6)^(a)
Irs1	58,141 ± 7,790 (6)	45,326 ± 6,154 (6)	47,738 ± 5,014 (6)
Irs2	51,152 ± 9,399 (6)	27,292 ± 4,061 (6)^*	21,470 ± 1,374 (6)^*
Pgc1a	39,951 ± 24,961 (6)	17,510 ± 8,171 (6)	12,085 ± 1,107 (6)
Pgc1b	6,003 ± 1,476 (6)	7,408 ± 1,327 (6)	10,150 ± 271 (6)^*