Cardiac Function in 7-8-Year-Old Offspring of Women with Type 1 Diabetes
Table 3
Echocardiographic measurements in macrosomic ODM, appropriate-for-dates ODM, and macrosomic controls at 7-8 years of age.
ODM
ODM
Controls
BW > p90
BW ≤ p90
BW > p90
14
16
15
Age at echo (years)
7.6 [7.4–7.8]
7.6 [7.4–7.8]
0.7
7.6 [7.2–7.8]
0.7
BMI (kg/m2)
16.6 [16.0–17.7]
16.0 [15.2–17.0]
0.2
15.3 [15.1–16.9]
0.1
Dimensions
IVSd (Z-score)
0.85 [0.31–1.29]
0.52 [0.25–1.11]
0.4
0.65 [0.07–1.10]
0.4
LVPWd (Z-score)
0.68 [0.21–1.21]
0.88 [0.48–1.14]
0.6
0.73 [0.03–1.03]
1.0
LVEDd (Z-score)
−0.37 [−0.60–0.25]
−0.35 [−1.22–0.25]
0.5
0.16 [−0.31–0.58]
0.2
Systolic LV function
SF (%)
34.4 [31.4–37.7]
35.3 [33.5–38.7]
0.5
36.2 [33.9–41.8]
0.3
CO (mL/min/kg)
117 [113–126]
105 [102–136]
0.1
114 [100–133]
0.8
IVS ′S (cm/s)
7.2 [7.0–8.0]
8.0 [7.0–8.2]
0.6
8.0 [7.4–8.0]
0.4
LVPW ′S (cm/s)
9.8 [8.1–11.2]
10.0 [9.0–11.4]
0.6
10.7 [9.7–12.0]
0.4
Systolic RV function
TAPSE (cm)
2.0 [1.8–2.3]
2.0 [1.9–2.1]
0.9
2.0 [1.9–2.1]
1.0
TR max PG (mmHg)
15.7 [13.1–17.3]
15.8 [13.3–17.4]
0.8
15.8 [14.5–18.2]
1.0
Diastolic LV function
E/A ratio
2.1 [1.6–2.7]
2.1 [1.8–2.9]
0.4
2.1 [2.0–2.5]
1.0
S/D ratio
0.8 [0.7–1.0]
0.8 [0.6–0.9]
0.7
0.8 [0.7–1.0]
0.9
E/E′ ratio
6.1 [5.1–7.1]
6.5 [5.8–7.4]
0.7
5.9 [5.3–6.5]
0.6
MV DecT (ms)
175 [149–205]
176 [162–189]
0.8
176 [158–210]
0.6
IVS ′De (cm/s)
13.3 [12.0–15.0]
13.3 [11.8–14.5]
0.7
14.0 [13.0–15.0]
0.4
IVS ′Da (cm/s)
6.0 [5.5–6.0]
6.0 [5.4–6.3]
0.9
6.0 [5.0–7.0]
1.0
LVPW ′De (cm/s)
19.0 [18.2–20.7]
17.8 [16.3–18.8]
0.1
18.4 [17.0–20.0]
0.6
LVPW ′Da (cm/s)
6.2 [5.7–7.1]
7.0 [5.8–7.5]
0.6
6.3 [5.5–7.9]
1.0
Data represent median with interquartile range. aMacrosomic ODM versus appropriate-for-date ODM. bMacrosomic ODM versus macrosomic controls. BW: birth weight.
