Low Levels of Serum Paraoxonase Activities are Characteristic of Metabolic Syndrome and May Influence the Metabolic-Syndrome-Related Risk of Coronary Artery Disease

Table 1

Characteristics of the study population, with or without metabolic syndrome (MS).

Characteristics	MS-free (𝑛=205)	MS (𝑛=88)	P
AGE (years)	60.9±9.3	60.8±9.6	NS*
MALE SEX (%)	59.5	42.0	0.006^†
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (%)	61.0	79.5	0.002^†
BMI (kg/m²)	25.5±2.9	28.7±5.1	<0.001*
HYPERTENSION (%)	57.1	89.8	<0.001^†
SMOKING (%)	52.8	54.9	NS ^†
DIABETES (%)	7.8	46.5	<0.001^†
GLUCOSE (mmol/L)	5.40±0.98	7.01±2.29	<0.001*
CREATININE (µmol/L)	90.1±64.2	89.4±21.9	NS*
TOTAL CHOLESTEROL (mmol/L)	5.16±1.13	5.29±1.19	NS*
LDL-CHOLESTEROL (mmol/L)	3.18±0.95	3.33±1.11	NS*
HDL-CHOLESTEROL (mmol/L)	1.35±0.34	1.07±0.31	<0.001*
TRIGLYCERIDES (mmol/L)	1.47±0.65	2.33±0.98	<0.001*
Apo A-I (g/L)	1.30±0.26	1.13±0.23	<0.001*
Apo B (g/L)	0.98±0.24	1.08±0.28	0.003*
TBBLase activity (U/mL)	3.45±0.98	3.02±1.02	0.001*
DEPCyMCase activity (mU/mL)	23.83±5.65	20.60±6.05	<0.001*
Paraoxonase activity (U/L)	120.8±79.1	102.6±71.5	0.030*
Arylesterase activity (kU/L)	101.3±31.4	86.8±32.5	<0.001*
Normalized lactonase activity	145.0±24.3	146.1±35.0	NS*
PON1 Gln192Arg ^‡
Gln/Gln	50.3	45.6
Gln/Arg	40.0	49.4	NS^†
Arg/Arg	9.7	5.1	*
PON1 Leu55Met^‡
Leu/Leu	38.0	38.0
Leu/Met	48.9	44.3	NS^†
Met/Met	13.1	17.7

*by t-test; ^†by 𝜒² test; ^‡PON1 genotype data were available for 264/293 (90.1%) subjects, that is, 185 MS-free and 79 with MS; NS: no significant.