Investigating Endothelial Activation and Oxidative Stress in relation to Glycaemic Control in a Multiethnic Population

Table 1

Baseline characteristics.

Characteristic	N (%) or mean ± SD			𝑃 value for ethnicity^a
	White Europeans	South Asians	Whole population
Total (n)	134	68	202
Age, years	62.7±8.1	54.9±10.4	60.1±9.7	<0.001
Gender
Male	63 (47.0)	35 (51.5)	98 (48.5)	0.655
Female	71 (53.0)	33 (48.5)	104 (51.5)	0.556
Smoking status (current)	51 (38.1)	6 (8.8)	57 (28.2)	<0.001
Weight, kg	87.4±18.5	75.9±2.1	83.5±18.5	<0.001
Waist circumference, cm	101.8±15.0	98.0±12.4	100.5±14.3	0.096
Fasting glucose, mmol/L	6.8±2.2	6.4±1.4	6.7±2.0	0.175
2-hour glucose, mmol/L	11.4±4.2	11.3±3.4	11.3±3.9	0.809
HbA1c, %	6.6±1.4	6.7±0.9	6.6±1.2	0.785
Type 2 diabetes	60 (44.8)	33 (48.5)	93 (46.0)	0.656
IGT	74 (55.2)	35 (51.5)	109 (54.0)	0.752
Blood pressure, mmHg
Systolic	147.1±17.9	141.0±18.1	145.1±18.2	0.041
Diastolic	88.8±9.9	87.5±10.2	88.4±10.1	0.446
Cholesterol, mmol/L
Total	5.8±1.2	5.0±1.0	5.5±1.2	<0.001
LDL	3.6±1.0	3.1±0.8	3.4±1.0	0.001
HDL	1.3±0.3	1.2±0.3	1.3±0.3	0.010
Cardiovascular medication^b	59 (42.4)	33 (48.5)	92 (45.5)	0.542

SD: standard deviation.
^a𝑃 values show the difference between the two ethnic groups and were calculated using t-tests for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.
^bDefined as any of following prescription medications: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, beta-blocker, calcium channel antagonist, statin, or fibrate lipid lowering treatments.