Modulation of Apoptosis Pathways by Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in β Cells
Figure 2
Induction of autophagy in MIN6 cells. (a) MIN6 cells grown to 60% confluence were incubated in low (0.1%) serum or regular (10%) serum medium in the presence of increasing concentrations of trehalose, an inducer of autophagy, for 24 h. (b) MIN6 cells were preincubated in the presence of 10 mM of 3-methyladenine (3MA) or 100 nM of bafilomycin A1 (Bf) for 20 min followed by exposure to 100 mM of trehalose for 24 h. (c) ER stress was induced in MIN6 cells by culturing them in the presence of thapsigargin (Th; 100 nM) or tunicamycin (Tu; 1 μg/mL) for 24 h. Lysates of the treated cells ((a)–(c)) were analyzed by Western blotting for markers of autophagy. Representative images from three independent experiments are presented.
