Table 1
Effects of oxidative damage in protein structure and function.
| | (i) Cleavage of peptide bonds | | | (ii) Direct reaction of proteins with ROS can lead to formation of protein derivatives or peptide fragments possessing highly reactive carbonyl groups (ketones, aldehydes) | | | (iii) Formation of intra- or interprotein cross-linked derivatives that can lead to the formation of aggregates by (a) direct interaction of two carbon-centered radicals; (b) interaction of two tyrosine radicals; (c) oxidation of cysteine sulfhydryl groups; (d) interactions of the carbonyl groups of oxidized proteins with the primary amino groups of lysine residues in the same or a different protein; (e) by noncovalent interactions such as hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between oxidized residues | | | (iv) Partial unfolding or denaturation with a concomitant increase in surface hydrophobicity | | | (v) Loss of function (e.g., enzyme activity) | |
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