Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise in Diabetic Patients

Figure 1

Mitochondrial ROS overproduction accelerates four hyperglycemia-induced tissue damage pathways. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), glutamate (glu), glutamine (gln), glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GAFT), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GLcNAc).