Research Article
Short-Term Exercise Training Improves Insulin Sensitivity but Does Not Inhibit Inflammatory Pathways in Immune Cells from Insulin-Resistant Subjects
Table 1
Subject characteristics, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory markers pre and post exercise training.
| | Lean | Obese | T2DM | | | | | | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post |
| Subject characteristics | | | | | | | Age (years) | 39 ± 2.0 | — | 40 ± 3.0 | — | 50 ± 3.0*† | — | BMI (kg/m2) | 25 ± 0.6 | 25 ± 0.7 | 31 ± 1.1* | 31 ± 1.2‡ | 34 ± 0.7* | 34 ± 0.5‡ | Weight (kg) | 66 ± 2.0 | 66 ± 2.3 | 81 ± 2.8* | 82 ± 1.2‡ | 88 ± 3.1* | 90 ± 2.7‡ | Metabolic parameters | | | | | | | NEFA AUC during OGTT (μmol/L·2 h) | 31 ± 2.2 | — | 40 ± 5.0 | — | 60 ± 5.6*† | — | Fasting NEFA during OGTT (μmol/L) | 0.51 ± 0.1 | — | 0.63 ± 0.1 | — | 0.70 ± 0.0* | — | HbA1c (%) | 5.1 ± 0.1 | — | 5.0 ± 0.1 | — | 7.6 ± 0.8*† | — | Fasting insulin (uIU/mL) | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 16 ± 6.3* | 15 ± 3.6‡ | 9.5 ± 1.4* | 9.9 ± 1.2‡ | Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 93 ± 2 | 92 ± 2 | 95 ± 1 | 97 ± 1 | 132 ± 13*† | 139 ± 14‡# | Inflammatory markers | | | | | | | hs-CRP (μg/mL) | 2.56 ± 1.0 | 2.35 ± 0.7 | 6.63 ± 3.14 | 5.36 ± 1.8 | 4.29 ± 0.8* | 4.16 ± 1.0 | Endothelin-1 (pg/mL) | 2.43 ± 0.2 | 2.83 ± 0.3 | 3.42 ± 0.3 | 2.65 ± 0.2 | 4.53 ± 0.3* | 4.38 ± 0.1 | sICAM-1 (ng/mL) | 210 ± 17 | 197 ± 11 | 172 ± 18 | 179 ± 17 | 271 ± 13* | 263 ± 12‡ |
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Data are mean ± SE; ; *versus lean (preexercise); †versus obese (preexercise); ‡versus lean (postexercise); #versus obese (postexercise).
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