Short-Term Exercise Training Improves Insulin Sensitivity but Does Not Inhibit Inflammatory Pathways in Immune Cells from Insulin-Resistant Subjects

Table 1

Subject characteristics, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory markers pre and post exercise training.

	Lean		Obese		T2DM
	𝑛=17		𝑛=8		𝑛=11
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
Subject characteristics
Age (years)	39 ± 2.0	—	40 ± 3.0	—	50 ± 3.0^*†	—
BMI (kg/m^2)	25 ± 0.6	25 ± 0.7	31 ± 1.1*	31 ± 1.2^‡	34 ± 0.7*	34 ± 0.5^‡
Weight (kg)	66 ± 2.0	66 ± 2.3	81 ± 2.8*	82 ± 1.2^‡	88 ± 3.1*	90 ± 2.7^‡
Metabolic parameters
NEFA AUC during OGTT (μmol/L·2 h)	31 ± 2.2	—	40 ± 5.0	—	60 ± 5.6^*†	—
Fasting NEFA during OGTT (μmol/L)	0.51 ± 0.1	—	0.63 ± 0.1	—	0.70 ± 0.0*	—
HbA1c (%)	5.1 ± 0.1	—	5.0 ± 0.1	—	7.6 ± 0.8^*†	—
Fasting insulin (uIU/mL)	2.7 ± 0.5	2.2 ± 0.5	16 ± 6.3*	15 ± 3.6^‡	9.5 ± 1.4*	9.9 ± 1.2^‡
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	93 ± 2	92 ± 2	95 ± 1	97 ± 1	132 ± 13^*†	139 ± 14^‡#
Inflammatory markers
hs-CRP (μg/mL)	2.56 ± 1.0	2.35 ± 0.7	6.63 ± 3.14	5.36 ± 1.8	4.29 ± 0.8*	4.16 ± 1.0
Endothelin-1 (pg/mL)	2.43 ± 0.2	2.83 ± 0.3	3.42 ± 0.3	2.65 ± 0.2	4.53 ± 0.3*	4.38 ± 0.1
sICAM-1 (ng/mL)	210 ± 17	197 ± 11	172 ± 18	179 ± 17	271 ± 13*	263 ± 12^‡

Data are mean ± SE; 𝑃<0.05; *versus lean (preexercise); ^†versus obese (preexercise); ^‡versus lean (postexercise); ^#versus obese (postexercise).