Adaptive Immunity, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Complications in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 1

Frequencies of T-cell subsets in different groups. T1DM and T2DM groups were defined according to ADA criteria, while controls were individuals without overt cardiovascular disease and DM. Frequencies of T-cells were determined by two-color flow cytometry. Data are presented as single data points. (a) CD4⁺CD28^null T-cell frequencies in different groups. CD4⁺CD28^null T-cell frequency was significantly higher in T1DM than in other groups, and it was higher in T2DM than in controls. (b) CD4⁺FoxP3⁺ T-cell frequencies in different groups. CD4⁺FoxP3⁺ T-cell frequency was significantly lower in T1DM than in other groups, and it was lower in T2DM than in controls.

(a)

(b)