Relationship between Stage of Diabetic Retinopathy and Pulse Wave Velocity in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

	Total	NDR	DR	𝑃 value
𝑁 (male/female)	689 (406/283)	420	269
Duration (years)	12.0 ± 10.0	10.0 ± 9.5	16.0 ± 10.0	<0.001
Age (years)	62.2 ± 13.4	61.0 ± 14.3	65.0 ± 11.6	0.002
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.0 ± 5.5	25.6 ± 5.8	24.3 ± 4.7	0.001
SBP (mmHg)	132.0 ± 20.9	130.0 ± 20.0	135.0 ± 22.0	0.009
DBP (mmHg)	76.9 ± 14.0	77.0 ± 13.6	76.0 ± 14.5	0.907
HbA1c (%)	9.6 ± 2.0	9.7 ± 2.2	9.5 ± 1.7	0.233
LDL-C (mg/dL)	127.2 ± 37.1	128.0 ± 37.2	125.9 ± 37.2	0.295
PWV (m/s)	1731.2 ± 430.0	1657.0 ± 417.9	1847.1 ± 423.9	<0.001

Data are shown as mean ± SD. Comparison between patients without diabetic retinopathy (NDR) and with DR by Mann-Whitney’s 𝑈 test.
BMI: body mass index, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and PWV: pulse wave velocity.
HbA1c is presented as the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) value.