Prenatal factors mentioned in recent years that might correlate with insulin resistance and/or T2DM. Data from human and animal studies have shown that malnutrition or overnutrition, metabolic disorders, exposure to hypoxia, some chemicals and hormones, and unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking and alcohol drinking during pregnancy might predispose detrimental long-term effects on offspring, leading to increased risk of insulin resistance or T2DM. TFA: transfatty acids; BPA: biophenol A.
