Skin Autofluorescence Relates to Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products and Albuminuria in Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Characteristics of patients with Type 1 (T1DM), Type 2 (T2DM), and controls.

	T1DM	T2DM	Controls	ANOVA
	(𝑛=47)	(𝑛=41)	(𝑛=20)	𝑃 value
Age (yrs)	46 (25–76)	58 (39–77)	46 (24–65)
Sex (% of males)	57	61	25
Duration of DM (yrs)	14 (3–52)	9 (2–31)	—
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.9±2.9^z	33.1±10.0^c	25.5±3.4	<0.0001
SBP (mm Hg)	131±10^x	138±13^a	129±12	<0.01
DBP (mm Hg)	78±7	79±8	75±6	0.24
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.69±0.79	4.54±0.92	4.48±0.61	0.53
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.04±0.53^z	1.92±0.92^c	1.09±0.58	<0.0001
Glucose (mmol/L)	7.9±4.0^c	9.3±3.5^c	4.5±0.6	<0.0001
HbA1c (mmol/mol, IFCC)	74±14^c	71±21^c	39±5	<0.0001
Fructosamine (𝜇mol/L)	369±65^cz	305±47^c	237±20	<0.0001
CRP (mg/L)	3.0±1.9^a	4.1±2.1^a	1.4±1.8	<0.005
Albumin/creatinine (g/mol)	1.17^a (0.29–4.79)	1.86^c (0.36–9.55)	0.45 (0.19–1.14)	<0.01
Creatinine (𝜇mol/L)	85.8±33.4	88.9±22.2^a	72.3±12.8	0.10
eGFR (ml·s^−1·(1.73 m^2)^−1)	1.3±0.3	1.2±0.3	1.4±0.3	0.05

Results are means ± SD, or means with 1 SD range, in age and duration of DM medians with ranges. One-way ANOVA was performed, with 𝑃 values in the last column of the table. Statistical significance expressed by LSD post hoc test between DM and control persons: ^a𝑃<0.05, ^b𝑃<0.01, and ^c𝑃<0.001, and between T1DM and T2DM: ^x𝑃<0.05, ^y𝑃<0.01, and ^z𝑃<0.001.
Abbreviations: DM: diabetes mellitus; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; CRP: C-reactive peptide; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.