Retinal Layers Changes in Human Preclinical and Early Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Support Early Retinal Neuronal and Müller Cells Alterations

Figure 2

Graphs showing specific retinal layer thickness in normal subjects (control), diabetics without retinopathy (no DR), and diabetics with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) determined automatically by spectral domain OCT in 9 ETDRS areas in the macula. (a) Inner limiting membrane + nerve fibre layer (ILM + RNFL); (b) ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL); (c) inner nuclear layer + outer plexiform layer (INL + OPL); (d) outer nuclear layer + external limiting membrane (ONL + ELM); and (e) inner segment/outer segment photoreceptor layer + retinal pigment epithelium (IS/OS + RPE). (*) indicates statistically significant values; CSF: central subfield thickness; SIM: superior inner quadrant in the macula; NIM: nasal inner quadrant; IIM: inferior inner quadrant; TIM: temporal inner quadrant; SOM: superior outer quadrant in the macula; NOM: nasal outer quadrant; IOM: inferior outer quadrant; TOM: temporal outer quadrant.