Retinal Layers Changes in Human Preclinical and Early Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Support Early Retinal Neuronal and Müller Cells Alterations
Table 1
Demographic characteristics of the patients.
Control
Diabetic
Grade of DR
No DR
NPDR
Patients, number
50
74
30
44
Mean age, yrs (SD)
55.8 (13.0)
56.4 (12.7)
56.1 (12.8)
55.9 (12.6)
Mean diabetes duration, yrs (SD)
—
5.9 (4.1)
18.6 (10.3)
Mean HbA1c % (SD)
—
8.1 (1.4)
7.8 (0.8)
8.2 (1.5)
Visual acuity, logMAR (SD)
0.003 (0.020)
0.011 (0.039)
0.024 (0.066)
IOP, mmHg (SD)
15.3 (1.9)
16.1 (3.4)
16.8 (3.2)
SE, (SD)
−0.04 (1.5)
0.46 (1.1)
0.42 (1.0)
SD: standard deviation; No DR: diabetic patients without retinopathy; NPDR: non proliferative diabetic retinopathy; IOP: intraocular pressure; SE: spherical equivalent.
