The Impact of Hyperglycemic Emergencies on the Kidney and Liver

Table 3

Basal clinical and biochemical characteristics of the DK and DKA patients with and without infection.

Variables	Noninfection DK; (𝑛=26)	Infection DK; (𝑛=14)	𝑃 value	Noninfection DKA; (𝑛=21)	Infection DKA; (𝑛=19)	𝑃 value
Female/male (𝑛/𝑛)	6/20	8/6	0.031	8/13	14/5	0.020
Age (years)	45±16	55±13	0.050	38±16	50±16	0.022
Duration of diabetes (years)	0.00 (0.00–8.00)	1.00 (0.00–12.00)	0.294	4.00 (0.00–26.00)	7.00 (0.00–18.00)	0.141
Plasma glucose (mmol/L)	17.62±5.82	14.95±4.13	0.136	32.05±7.24	25.73±7.58	0.010
HbA1c (%)	13.09±3.19	13.15±1.60	0.943	12.28±2.31	12.65±1.82	0.659
Arterial pH	7.37±0.04	7.40±0.05	0.142	7.03±0.16	7.02±0.13	0.747
HCO3 (mmol/L)	20.59±5.13	22.49±5.88	0.491	5.77±4.26	4.56±2.08	0.279
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	23.97±11.33	13.92±4.87	0.001	15.23±6.07	16.21±5.90	0.673
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)	18.79±5.83	17.00±5.49	0.382	19.77±13.57	17.64±6.51	0.604
𝛾-glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L)	21.38±10.81	21.67±15.31	0.948	16.42±5.68	19.29±7.91	0.306
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	15.59±8.32	11.82±6.23	0.175	11.02±3.68	11.46±5.20	0.806
Direct bilirubin (μmol/L)	5.80±3.39	4.83±2.78	0.394	4.83±1.65	4.37±1.62	0.500
Total protein (g/L)	66.00±6.90	63.14±5.45	0.220	60.72±12.59	58.27±5.95	0.547
Albumin (g/L)	40.70±5.16	36.68±4.14	0.016	37.50±5.43	34.42±4.49	0.062
Globulin (g/L)	25.42±3.83	27.13±3.68	0.208	23.83±7.40	24.46±5.56	0.806
Prealbumin (mg/dL)	216.78±74.33	204.81±117.05	0.707	133.86±43.96	142.85±57.67	0.645
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	61.67±17.22	59.44±13.28	0.677	106.09±80.06	110.86±66.14	0.926
eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m^2)	87.31±20.57	77.94±13.81	0.136	63.11±23.15	56.35±28.44	0.413
Uric acid (μmol/L)	256.73±96.36	262.03±110.22	0.883	483.52±157.63	452.09±127.05	0.572

All values in the table are given as the mean ± standard deviation, except for the duration of diabetes, which is given as the median and range (min–max).