T-Cell Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms and Vitamin D Pathway Gene Polymorphisms in End-Stage Renal Disease due to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Nephropathy: Comparisons with Health Status and Other Main Causes of End-Stage Renal Disease
Table 2
Characteristics of hemodialysis patients ( = 893).
Parameter
Type 2 DM nephropathy
Other causes of ESRD
value
Demographic data
= 366
= 527
Male sex, (% of all)
201 (54.9)
307 (58.3)
0.337b
Age at RRT beginning, years
62.9 ± 14.1
57.2 ± 17.2
<
RRT duration, years
3.29 (0.06–28.0)
4.42 (0.12–28.2)
<
Death rate, cases per 100 patient-years
0.48
0.42
Death rate, cases per 100 RRT-years
7.97
4.63
Clinical data
= 332
= 527
Coronary artery disease, (% of all)
174 (52.4)
168 (31.9)
<
Myocardial infarction, (% of all)
98 (29.5)
101 (19.2)
Parathyroidectomy, (% of all)
2 (0.60)
21 (3.98)
Treatment with cinacalcet hydrochloride
24 (7.2)
98 (18.6)
<
Laboratory data
= 366
= 527
Anti-HBc positive, (% of all)
95 (26.0)
126 (23.9)
0.528b
HBsAg positive, (% of all anti-HBc positive)
7 (7.4)
11 (8.7)
0.807b
Anti-HCV positive, (% of all)
26 (7.1)
57 (10.8)
0.062b
HCV RNA positive, (% of all anti-HCV positive)
14 (53.8)
39 (68.4)
0.225b
Responders to hepatitis B vaccine, (% of all)
202 (55.2)
315 (59.8)
0.191b
25(OH)D (ng/mL)a
13.3 ± 3.9
14.5 ± 5.6
0.182a,d
Total calcium (mg/dL)
8.83 ± 0.67
8.91 ± 0.82
0.264d
Phosphates (mg/dL)
5.03 ± 1.44
5.25 ± 1.49
0.054d
PTH (pg/mL)
296 (12.9–3,757)
463 (12.7–3,741)
<
Total alkaline phosphatase (U/L)
98.2 (25.8–1,353)
97.1 (40.5–1,684)
0.528c
25(OH)D: 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, anti-HBc: antibodies to core antigen of hepatitis B virus, anti-HCV: antibodies to hepatitis C virus, HBsAg: surface antigen of hepatitis B virus, DM: diabetes mellitus, ESRD: end-stage renal disease, HCV RNA: ribonucleic acid of hepatitis C virus, PTH: parathyroid hormone, and RRT: renal replacement therapy. A significant difference is indicated using bold font.
a = 66 for type 2 DM nephropathy; = 96 for other renal diseases.
bFisher’s exact test.
cMann-Whitney test.
dUnpaired -test, Welch corrected.
