T-Cell Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms and Vitamin D Pathway Gene Polymorphisms in End-Stage Renal Disease due to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Nephropathy: Comparisons with Health Status and Other Main Causes of End-Stage Renal Disease
Table 4
Comparison of the distribution of polymorphic variants of tested genes between ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis due to type 2 DM nephropathy and healthy subjects.
Parameter
Type 2 DM nephropathy (frequency)
Healthy subjects (frequency)
Odds ratio (95% CI)
Two-tailed
IL18 rs360719
= 248
= 240
TT
133 (0.54)
121 (0.50)
Referent
0.233
CT
102 (0.41)
98 (0.41)
0.947 (0.654–1.372)
0.777
CC
13 (0.05)
21 (0.09)
0.563 (0.270–1.174)
0.145
CT + CC
115 (0.46)
119 (0.50)
0.879 (0.616–1.254)
0.526
MAF
128 (0.26)
140 (0.29)
0.845 (0.638–1.119)
0.268
IL12A rs568408
= 234
= 240
GG
173 (0.74)
171 (0.71)
Referent
0.782
AG
52 (0.22)
63 (0.26)
0.816 (0.534–1.246)
0.389
AA
9 (0.04)
6 (0.03)
1.483 (0.517–4.256)
0.600
AG + AA
61 (0.26)
69 (0.29)
0.874 (0.583–1.309)
0.538
MAF
70 (0.15)
75 (0.16)
0.976 (0.684–1.393)
0.965
IL12B rs3212227
= 247
= 240
AA
156 (0.63)
151 (0.63)
Referent
0.639
AC
84 (0.34)
77 (0.32)
1.056 (0.721–1.547)
0.846
CC
7 (0.03)
12 (0.05)
0.563 (0.217–1.473)
0.345
AC + CC
91 (0.37)
89 (0.37)
0.990 (0.685–1.430)
1.000
MAF
98 (0.20)
101 (0.21)
0.927 (0.680–1.268)
0.699
IL4R rs1805015
= 303
= 225
TT
205 (0.68)
162 (0.72)
Referent
0.304
CT
82 (0.27)
53 (0.24)
1.223 (0.818–1.828)
0.360
CC
16 (0.05)
10 (0.04)
1.264 (0.559–2.861)
0.684
CT + CC
98 (0.32)
63 (0.28)
1.229 (0.843–1.793)
0.295
MAF
114 (0.19)
73 (0.16)
1.197 (0.866–1.653)
0.313
IL13 rs20541
= 303
= 230
CC
168 (0.55)
124 (0.54)
Referent
0.457
CT
114 (0.38)
84 (0.36)
1.002 (0.695–1.443)
1.000
TT
21 (0.07)
22 (0.10)
0.705 (0.371–1.338)
0.324
CT + TT
135 (0.45)
106 (0.46)
0.940 (0.666–1.326)
0.726
MAF
156 (0.26)
128 (0.28)
0.899 (0.684–1.182)
0.489
IL28B rs8099917
= 339
= 375
TT
219 (0.65)
245 (0.65)
Referent
0.504
GT
107 (0.31)
123 (0.33)
0.973 (0.709–1.336)
0.872
GG
13 (0.04)
7 (0.02)
2.078 (0.814–5.302)
0.169
GT + GG
120 (0.35)
130 (0.35)
1.033 (0.759–1.405)
0.875
MAF
133 (0.20)
137 (0.18)
1.092 (0.837–1.423)
0.560
IL28B rs12979860
= 336
= 372
CC
141 (0.42)
164 (0.44)
Referent
0.669
CT
157 (0.47)
166 (0.45)
1.100 (0.804–1.505)
0.576
TT
38 (0.11)
42 (0.11)
1.052 (0.643–1.723)
0.900
CT + TT
195 (0.56)
208 (0.56)
1.090 (0.809–1.469)
0.595
MAF
116 (0.29)
250 (0.34)
1.049 (0.842–1.307)
0.713
GC rs2298849
= 364a
= 375
TT
226 (0.62)
237 (0.63)
Referent
0.250
CT
110 (0.30)
124 (0.33)
0.930 (0.679–1.274)
0.688
CC
28 (0.08)
14 (0.04)
2.097 (1.077–4.086)
0.035
CT + CC
138 (0.38)
138 (0.37)
1.049 (0.778–1.413)
0.762
MAF
166 (0.23)
152 (0.20)
1.162 (0.907–1.490)
0.262
GC rs7041
= 343
= 361
GG
112 (0.33)
116 (0.32)
Referent
0.572
GT
163 (0.47)
186 (0.52)
0.908 (0.650–1.268)
0.609
TT
68 (0.20)
59 (0.16)
1.194 (0.773–1.844)
0.440
GT + TT
231 (0.67)
245 (0.68)
0.977 (0.712–1.339)
0.936
MAF
299 (0.44)
304 (0.42)
1.062 (0.860–1.312)
0.612
GC rs1155563
= 362
= 377
TT
180 (0.50)
189 (0.50)
Referent
0.541
CT
141 (0.39)
155 (0.41)
0.955 (0.703–1.297)
0.815
CC
41 (0.11)
33 (0.09)
1.305 (0.789–2.155)
0.311
CT + CC
182 (0.50)
188 (0.50)
1.017 (0.762–1.356)
0.941
MAF
223 (0.31)
221 (0.29)
1.074 (0.859–1.341)
0.567
VDR rs2228570
= 345
= 371
CC
101 (0.29)
103 (0.28)
Referent
0.401
CT
175 (0.51)
183 (0.49)
0.975 (0.691–1.376)
0.930
TT
69 (0.20)
85 (0.23)
0.828 (0.544–1.260)
0.394
CT + TT
244 (0.71)
268 (0.72)
0.929 (0.671–1.285)
0.679
MAF
313 (0.45)
353 (0.48)
0.915 (0.743–1.126)
0.432
VDR rs1544410
= 359
= 372
GG
137 (0.38)
148 (0.40)
Referent
0.753
AG
165 (0.46)
165 (0.44)
1.080 (0.787–1.483)
0.686
AA
57 (0.16)
59 (0.16)
1.044 (0.678–1.607)
0.912
AG + AA
222 (0.62)
224 (0.60)
1.071 (0.795–1.442)
0.705
MAF
279 (0.39)
283 (0.38)
1.035 (0.839–1.278)
0.788
RXRA rs10776909
= 364
= 378
CC
233 (0.64)
250 (0.66)
Referent
0.426
CT
111 (0.30)
112 (0.30)
1.063 (0.774–1.461)
0.746
TT
20 (0.05)
16 (0.04)
1.341 (0.679–2.651)
0.490
CT + TT
131 (0.36)
128 (0.34)
1.098 (0.812–1.485)
0.590
MAF
151 (0.21)
144 (0.19)
1.112 (0.862–1.435)
0.452
RXRA rs10881578
= 365
= 377
AA
197 (0.54)
183 (0.48)
Referent
0.168
AG
134 (0.37)
154 (0.41)
0.808 (0.775–1.046)
0.185
GG
34 (0.09)
40 (0.11)
0.790 (0.479–1.301)
0.376
AG + GG
168 (0.46)
194 (0.51)
0.804 (0.603–1.073)
0.143
MAF
202 (0.28)
234 (0.31)
0.850 (0.680–1.063)
0.172
RXRA rs749759
= 355
= 370
GG
207 (0.58)
221 (0.60)
Referent
0.850
AG
125 (0.35)
123 (0.33)
1.085 (0.794–1.216)
0.632
AA
23 (0.06)
26 (0.07)
0.944 (0.522–1.708)
0.881
AG + AA
148 (0.42)
149 (0.40)
1.061 (0.789–1.426)
0.706
MAF
171 (0.24)
175 (0.24)
1.024 (0.804–1.304)
0.894
ESRD: end-stage renal disease, DM: diabetes mellitus, and MAF: minor allele frequency.
aNot consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
