T-Cell Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms and Vitamin D Pathway Gene Polymorphisms in End-Stage Renal Disease due to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Nephropathy: Comparisons with Health Status and Other Main Causes of End-Stage Renal Disease
Table 5
Comparison of the distribution of polymorphic variants of tested genes between ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis due to type 2 DM nephropathy and the most common causes of ESRD other than type 2 DM nephropathy (chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, and hypertensive nephritis).
Genotype
Type 2 DM nephropathy (frequency)
Other causes of ESRD (frequency)
Odds ratio (95% CI)
Two-tailed
IL18 rs360719
= 248
= 353
TT
133 (0.54)
186 (0.53)
Referent
—
0.362
CT
102 (0.41)
135 (0.38)
1.057 (0.752–1.485)
0.795
CC
13 (0.05)
32 (0.09)
0.568 (0.287–1.124)
0.107
CT + CC
115 (0.46)
167 (0.47)
0.963 (0.696–1.334)
0.868
MAF
128 (0.26)
199 (0.28)
0.886 (0.684–1.149)
0.370
IL12A rs568408
= 234
= 337
GG
173 (0.74)
234 (0.69)
Referent
—
0.303
AG
52 (0.22)
89 (0.26)
0.790 (0.533–1.060)
0.275
AA
9 (0.04)
14 (0.04)
0.870 (0.368–2.055)
0.831
AG + AA
61 (0.26)
103 (0.31)
0.801 (0.552–1.163)
0.260
MAF
70 (0.15)
117 (0.17)
0.837 (0.606–1.157)
0.319
IL12B rs3212227
= 247
= 352
AA
156 (0.63)
205 (0.58)
Referent
—
0.176
AC
84 (0.34)
132 (0.38)
0.836 (0.593–1.068)
0.337
CC
7 (0.03)
15 (0.04)
0.613 (0.244–1.540)
0.376
AC + CC
91 (0.37)
147 (0.42)
0.814 (0.582–1.136)
0.236
MAF
98 (0.20)
162 (0.23)
0.828 (0.624–1.098)
0.215
IL4R rs1805015
= 303
= 436
TT
205 (0.68)
295 (0.68)
Referent
—
0.871
CT
82 (0.27)
121 (0.28)
0.975 (0.700–2.360)
0.933
CC
16 (0.05)
20 (0.05)
1.151 (0.583–2.275)
0.728
CT + CC
98 (0.32)
141 (0.32)
1.000 (0.731–1.368)
1.000
MAF
114 (0.19)
161 (0.18)
1.023 (0.784–1.335)
0.919
IL13 rs20541
= 303
= 436
CC
168 (0.55)
242 (0.56)
Referent
—
0.902
CT
114 (0.38)
166 (0.38)
0.989 (0.726–1.348)
1.000
TT
21 (0.07)
28 (0.06)
1.080 (0.594–1.967)
0.878
CT + TT
135 (0.45)
194 (0.44)
1.002 (0.746–1.346)
1.000
MAF
156 (0.26)
222 (0.25)
1.015 (0.800–1.287)
0.950
IL28B rs8099917
= 339
= 493
TT
219 (0.65)
317 (0.64)
Referent
—
0.858
GT
107 (0.31)
162 (0.33)
0.956 (0.709–1.289)
0.820
GG
13 (0.04)
14 (0.03)
1.344 (0.620–2.916)
0.549
GT + GG
120 (0.35)
176 (0.36)
0.987 (0.739–1.318)
0.941
MAF
133 (0.20)
190 (0.19)
1.022 (0.799–1.309)
0.910
IL28B rs12979860
= 336
= 488
CC
141 (0.42)
209 (0.43)
Referent
—
0.952
CT
157 (0.47)
221 (0.45)
1.053 (0.783–1.415)
0.763
TT
38 (0.11)
58 (0.12)
0.971 (0.612–1.541)
0.907
CT + TT
195 (0.56)
279 (0.57)
1.036 (0.782–1.373)
0.830
MAF
116 (0.29)
337 (0.35)
1.006 (0.819–1.237)
0.994
GC rs2298849
= 364a
= 524
TT
226 (0.62)
339 (0.65)
Referent
—
0.109
CT
110 (0.30)
165 (0.31)
1.000 (0.745–1.342)
1.000
CC
28 (0.08)
20 (0.04)
2.100 (1.155–3.819)
0.014
CT + CC
138 (0.38)
185 (0.35)
1.119 (0.848–1.477)
0.436
MAF
166 (0.23)
205 (0.20)
1.215 (0.964–1.530)
0.111
GC rs7041
= 343
= 506
GG
112 (0.33)
182 (0.36)
Referent
—
0.247
GT
163 (0.47)
236 (0.47)
1.122 (0.824–1.528)
0.480
TT
68 (0.20)
88 (0.17)
1.256 (0.846–1.863)
0.267
GT + TT
231 (0.67)
324 (0.64)
1.159 (0.867–1.548)
0.340
MAF
299 (0.44)
412 (0.41)
1.125 (0.925–1.369)
0.259
GC rs1155563
= 362
= 527
TT
180 (0.50)
252 (0.48)
Referent
—
0.614
CT
141 (0.39)
213 (0.40)
0.927 (0.696–1.234)
0.610
CC
41 (0.11)
62 (0.12)
0.926 (0.597–1.435)
0.740
CT + CC
182 (0.50)
275 (0.52)
0.927 (0.709–1.211)
0.585
MAF
223 (0.31)
337 (0.32)
0.947 (0.772–1.161)
0.638
VDR rs2228570
= 345
= 503
CC
101 (0.29)
130 (0.26)
Referent
—
0.541
CT
175 (0.51)
275 (0.55)
0.819 (0.594–1.130)
0.249
TT
69 (0.20)
98 (0.19)
0.906 (0.606–1.356)
0.682
CT + TT
244 (0.71)
373 (0.74)
0.842 (0.620–1.143)
0.273
MAF
313 (0.45)
471 (0.47)
0.943 (0.776–1.145)
0.588
VDR rs1544410
= 359
= 512
GG
137 (0.38)
189 (0.37)
Referent
—
0.598
AG
165 (0.46)
235 (0.46)
0.969 (0.720–1.303)
0.880
AA
57 (0.16)
88 (0.17)
0.894 (0.599–1.332)
0.613
AG + AA
222 (0.62)
323 (0.63)
0.948 (0.718–1.253)
0.722
MAF
279 (0.39)
411 (0.40)
0.948 (0.778–1.152)
0.626
RXRA rs10776909
= 364
= 526
CC
233 (0.64)
308 (0.59)
Referent
—
0.298
CT
111 (0.30)
196 (0.37)
0.749 (0.561–0.999)
0.050
TT
20 (0.05)
22 (0.04)
1.202 (0.641–2.254)
0.629
CT + TT
131 (0.36)
218 (0.41)
0.794 (0.603–1.046)
0.108
MAF
151 (0.21)
240 (0.23)
0.883 (0.702–1.112)
0.317
RXRA rs10881578
= 365
= 525
AA
197 (0.54)
252 (0.48)
Referent
—
0.134
AG
134 (0.37)
220 (0.42)
0.779 (0.586–1.035)
0.096
GG
34 (0.09)
53 (0.10)
0.821 (0.513–1.312)
0.478
AG + GG
168 (0.46)
273 (0.52)
0.787 (0.602–1.029)
0.088
MAF
202 (0.28)
326 (0.31)
0.850 (0.690–1.046)
0.139
RXRA rs749759
= 355
= 514
GG
207 (0.58)
265 (0.52)
Referent
—
0.082
AG
125 (0.35)
212 (0.41)
0.755 (0.567–1.005)
0.059
AA
23 (0.06)
37 (0.07)
0.796 (0.459–1.381)
0.490
AG + AA
148 (0.42)
249 (0.48)
0.761 (0.579–1.000)
0.053
MAF
171 (0.24)
286 (0.28)
0.823 (0.661–1.025)
0.092
ESRD: end-stage renal disease, DM: diabetes mellitus, and MAF: minor allele frequency.
aNot consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
