Mild Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Patients with Diabetes: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Comorbidity

Table 2

Factors associated with MCI, depressive syndrome, and both (univariate logistic regression model).

Associated parameters with; OR (95% CI)	MCI	Depressive syndrome	Both (MCI and depressive syndrome)
Gender: female	—	2.47 (1.8–3.38)	2.25 (1.29–3.88)
Age (years)	1.15 (1.08–1.22)	—	1.24 (1.12–1.36)^*
Education (years)	0.53 (0.44–0.63)	—	0.65 (0.49–0.78)^*
Marital status: single	—	2.09 (1.58–2.76)	2.68 (1.55–4.64)^*
Current smoking	—	2.43 (1.46–4.02)	—
Had ever smoked	—	2.08 (1.58–2.74)	1.67 (1.09–2.52)
Lack of physical activity	—	2.63 (1.98–3.5)	—
Duration of DM2 (years)	1.1 (1.05–1.15)	1.08 (1.03–1.16)	1.086 (1.03–1.14)
BMI (Kg/m^2)	—	1.02 (1.01–1.04)	1.16 (1.05–1.3)
HbA1c (%)	5.47 (3.45–8.67)	—	5.97 (3.02–11.84)^*
CHOL (mmol/L)	—	1.02 (1.01–1.04)	—
LDL (mmol/L)	—	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	—
TG (mmol/L)	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	—	1.02 (1.01–1.03)^*
HDL (mmol/L)	0.9 (0.87–0.94)	—	0.88 (0.83–0.94)^*
Insulin	—	2.19 (1.65–2.92)	1.998 (1.242–3.26)
Previous CVD	4.19 (3.04–5.8)	—	4.69 (2.25–9.78)^*
Stroke	—	—	2.59 (1.43–4.68)
Previous HA or use of HA drugs	2.41 (1.55–3.76)	—	—
Hyperlipidemia	2.06 (1.35–3.12)	2.15 (1.38–3.36)	—
Retinopathy	2.25 (1.7–2.96)	—	1.92 (1.22–3.03)
Nephropathy	1.56 (1.2–2.03)	—	—
Neuropathy	—	2.23 (1.64–3.05)	1.72 (1.12–2.65)
Comorbidity ()	1.53 (1.37–1.71)	1.31 (1.19–1.43)	1.63 (1.38–1.93)^*
Hypoglycemia (%)	2.27 (1.72–2.98)	2.56 (1.92–3.42)	3.47 (1.87–6.43)^*

and others .