Relationship between HgbA1c and Myocardial Blood Flow Reserve in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Noninvasive Assessment Using Real-Time Myocardial Perfusion Echocardiography
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of the study population ().
Characteristics
Group 1 () (HgbA1c > 7.1%)
Group 2 () (HgbA1c ≤ 7.1%)
valuea
Age (years)
68.14 ± 3.91
64.34 ± 3.02
0.34
Males
7 (77)
9 (60)
0.36
BMI
31.38 ± 2.43
34.78 ± 1.88
0.15
Current smoking
5 (56)
5 (33)
0.28
Hypertension
7 (78)
13 (87)
0.58
Duration of known DM (years)
9.60 ± 2.52
8.0 ± 1.56
0.74
Known CAD
8 (89)
9 (60)
0.11
Dyslipidemiab
8 (89)
15 (100)
0.38
Previous MI
4 (44)
6 (40)
0.83
Previous CABG
5 (56)
6 (40)
0.46
Previous PCI
2 (22)
6 (40)
0.36
Medications
Statins
8 (89)
12 (80)
0.56
ACE inhibitors
4 (44)
8 (53)
0.67
Aspirin
5 (56)
10 (67)
0.59
Beta Blocker
7 (78)
10 (67)
0.56
Calcium channels blockers
2 (22)
4 (27)
0.81
Nitrates
2 (22)
3 (20)
0.89
Rest
HR (beats/min)
65 ± 7
70 ± 14
0.77
SBP (mmHg)
146 ± 17
135 ± 23
0.21
DBP (mmHg)
78 ± 9
69 ± 11
0.08
RPP (beats/min × mmHg)
9426 ± 951
9388 ± 2382
0.88
Adenosine stress
HR (beats/min)
74 ± 12
80 ± 14
0.33
SBP (mmHg)
143 ± 8
124 ± 17
0.08
DBP (mmHg)
72 ± 12
65 ± 15
0.26
RPP (beats/min × mmHg)
10600 ± 1951
10086 ± 2142
0.44
BMI: body mass index; MI: myocardial infarct; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; HR: heart rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; RPP: rate-pressure product. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages (%). aChi-square test for categorical data and independent -test for continuous data comparison. bDyslipidemia was defined as total cholesterol (>210 mg/dl, or LDL > 130 mg/dl, or HDL < 35 mg/dl) or receiving lipid lowering medication.
