Evaluation of Serum Fibrinogen, Plasminogen, α2-Anti-Plasmin, and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Levels (PAI) and Their Correlation with Presence of Retinopathy in Patients with Type 1 DM

Table 2

Biochemical and hemostatic measurements of diabetic patients and healthy controls.

Variables	Group I (𝑛: 21)	Group II (𝑛: 18)	Group III (𝑛: 13)	Group IV (𝑛: 40)	𝑃 value
HbA1c	9.2 (6.6–11.0)^a	9.2 (6.0–11.0)^b	8.5 (5.6–12.0)^c	5.3 (4.4--6.3)^a,b,c	<0.001
PAI	182.7 (9.4–271.0)	158.0 (7.9–255.2)	162.1 (7.9–246.7)	155.6 (107.2–236.9)	0.209
𝛼2anti-plasmin	245.0 (31.0–650.0)^a	202.0 (55.0–904.0)^b	418.0 (42.0–1184.0)^c	115.5 (23.0--591.0)^a,b,c	0.004
Plasminogen	90.0 (69.0–152.0)	102.0 (55.0–141.0)	107.0 (57.0–133.0)	87.0 (68.0–121.0)	0.244
Fibrinogen	259.8±72.6	277.3±62.8	307.1±81.3	272.1±42.3	0.224

aDifference between Group I and Group IV is significant (𝑃<0.01). bDifference between Group II and Group IV is significant (𝑃<0.05). cDifference between Group II and Group IV is significant (𝑃<0.001).