Vitamin D Insufficiency Is Associated with Lower Physical Function in Patients with Heart Failure and Diabetes

Table 3

Six minutes walking test-submaximal physical function according to vitamin D and diabetes mellitus.

Characteristic	Vitamin D sufficient		Vitamin D insufficient
	()		()
	No DM	DM	No DM	DM
	Distance covered (m)	398 (354–437)	344 (330–461)	375 (320–440)		325 (271–371)*	0.014
≥300 m	24 (96.0)	14 (82.4)	51 (81.0)	26 (65.0)*	0.024
Final HR (bpm)	101.6 ± 24	94.2 ± 32	97.6 ± 24	99.7 ± 32	0.835
Recovery HR (bpm)	86.4 ± 21	85.6 ± 18	82.8 ± 22	86.1 ± 20	0.825
Referred a high rate of perceived exertion^#	16 (64.0)	14 (82.4)	39 (62.9)	21 (52.5)	0.204

Mean ± standard-deviation, (%), or median (P25–P75), as needed. ANOVA and chi-square statistics. *Different from No DM, vitamin sufficient. DM: diabetes mellitus; HR: heart rate.
^#Rate of perceived exertion was measured with the Borg Scale (6–20).