Research Article
Vitamin D Insufficiency Is Associated with Lower Physical Function in Patients with Heart Failure and Diabetes
Table 4
Cardiopulmonary exercise test-metabolic and ventilatory characteristics according to vitamin D and diabetes mellitus.
| | Characteristic | Vitamin D sufficient | Vitamin D insufficient | | | () | () | | No DM | DM | No DM | DM | | | | |
| | VO2 peak (mL/kg/min) | 20.0 ± 5 | 15.6 ± 3 | 18 ± 5 | 19.2 ± 5 | 0.134 | | ≤14 mL mL/kg/min | 1 (7.1) | 3 (33.3) | 8 (21.1) | 2 (9.1) | | | >14 mL mL/kg/min | 13 (92.9) | 6 (66.7) | 30 (78.9) | 20 (90.9) | 0.250 | | VE/VCO2 slope | 35.8 ± 11 | 41.5 ± 5 | 37.3 ± 11 | 36.7 ± 9 | 0.636 | | >34 | 6 (42.9) | 8 (100.0) | 22 (62.9) | 13 (65.0) | | | ≤34 | 8 (57.1) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (37.1) | 7 (35.0) | 0.066 | | Weber Class | | | | | | | I | 5 (35.7) | 2 (22.2) | 13 (34.2) | 8 (36.4) | | | II | 8 (57.1) | 1 (11.1) | 16 (42.1) | 9 (40.9) | | | III | 1 (7.1) | 6 (66.7) | 7 (18.4) | 3 (13.6) | | | IV | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.3) | 2 (9.1) | 0.059 | | HR peak (bpm) | 139.8 ± 31 | 141.9 ± 27 | 137.4 ± 24 | 134.9 ± 28 | 0.909 | | Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | 146 ± 35 | 140.4 ± 22 | 137.1 ± 32 | 148.7 ± 25 | 0.516 | | Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | 74.5 ± 16 | 73.5 ± 9 | 71.6 ± 15 | 74.1 ± 14 | 0.893 | | O2 pulse (mL·btm) | 11.61 ± 4 | 9.2 ± 2 | 10.9 ± 4 | 19.0 ± 30 | 0.236 |
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Mean ± standard deviation, or (%), as needed. ANOVA and Chi-square statistics. DM: diabetes mellitus. VO2 peak: peak oxigen consumption. Weber class: I: >20; II: 16–20; III: 10–16; IV: <10.
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