|
| Number | Outcome | PCOS with metformin | Controls | Metformin versus controls |
|
| 22 | Second-trimester miscarriage and delivery <gestational week 37 + 0 | 5/153 | 18/159 | P = 0.008 |
| Preeclampsia | 12/153 | 7/157 | P = 0.24 |
| New gestational diabetes | 27/142 | 26/141 | P = 0.90 |
| 25 | GDM | 8/200 | 32/160 | P < 0.001, OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.07–0.37 |
| Gestational hypertension and/or preeclampsia | 6/200 | 13/160 | P = 0.03, OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13–0.94 |
| Caesarean section rate | 106/200 | 96/160 | P = 0.18, OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.49–1.15 |
| 26 | Preeclampsia | 10/135 | 5/135 | P = 0.18, RD = 3.7%, 95% CI = −1.7–9.2 |
| Preterm delivery | 5/135 | 11/135 | P = 0.12, RD = −4.4%, 95% CI = −10.1–1.2 |
| GDM | 22/125 | 21/124 | P = 0.87, RD = 0.8%, 95% CI = −8.6–10.2 |
| | | | RD (risk difference) |
| Weight | ≤2500 g 8/135 | ≤2500 g 8/135 | |
| 2501–4500 g 125/135 | 2501–4500 g 120/135 | |
| >4500 g 2/135 | >4500 g 7/135 | P = 0.32 |
| Length of delivery | 50.3 ± 4.4 | 50.0 ± 2.5 | P = 0.44 |
| 27 | Miscarriage rate | 9/119 | 23/78 | P < 0.002 |
| EPL with recurrent miscarriage | 2/16 | 5/11 | P < 0.001 |
| Gestational diabetes | 12/119 | 34/78 | 0.0021 |
| PIH | 20/119 | 35/78 | <0.002 |
| IUGR | 20/119 | 30/78 | <0.001 |
| Live birth rate | 109/119 | 55/78 | <0.001 |
| 28 | GDM | 1/29 | 9/30 | OR = 12, 95% CI = 6.20–18.08 |
| Abortion | 1/29 | 1/30 | |
| Macrosomia | 0/29 | 4/30 | |
| LBW (low birth weight) | 0/29 | 0/30 | |
| Birth asphyxia | 0/29 | 5/30 | |
| Neonatal death | 0/29 | 1/30 | |
| Preterm labor | 2/29 | 3/30 | |
| Birth weight | 2.79 ± 0.143 | 3 ± 0.499 | P = 0.016 |
| APGAR (5 min) | 10 ± 00 | 9.03 ± 0.326 | P = 0.006 |
| 29 | | Group A Group B Group C | | |
| PIH/preeclampsia | 14/32 6/18 6/45 | 8/26 | P = 0.002 |
| GDM | 15/32 10/18 13/45 | 12/26 | P = 0.968 |
| IUGR | 7/32 3/18 1/45 | 5/26 | P = 0.026 |
| Miscarriage | 8/40 2/20 0/45 | 6/32 | P = 0.006 |
| Preterm delivery | 8/32 5/18 2/41 | 5/26 | P = 0.035 |
| Live birth | 32/40 18/20 45/45 | 26/32 | P = 0.016 |
| Mean birth weight | 2.67 ± 0.91 2.71 ± 0.89 2.88 ± 0.95 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | P = 0.81 |
| 30 | GDM | 6/22 | 3/18 | |
| 31 | GDM | 6/50 | 19/64 | |
| 32 | Preterm deliveries | 0/18 | 5/22 | |
| Preeclampsia/hypertension | 3/18 | 2/22 | |
| GDM | 1/18 | 3/22 | |
| CS (caesarean section) | 3/18 | 4/22 | |
| Head circumference | 36 ± 1 | 34 ± 5 | P = 0.07 |
| Birth weight | 3595 ± 420 | 3215 ± 1048 | P = 0.1 |
| Birth length | 50 ± 2 | 48 ± 8 | P = 0.2 |
| Apgar (5 min) | 9.3 ± 1.0 | 9.5 ± 0.6 | P = 0.3 |
| Apgar (10 min) | 9.8 ± 0.7 | 9.9 ± 0.2 | P = 0.3 |
| 33 | SAB (first-trimester spontaneous abortion) | 12/46 | 62/100 | McNemar’s = 32, df = 1, P < 0.0001 |
| GDM | 3/68 | 9/34 | McNemar’s = 5, P = 0.025 |
| 34 | GDM | 1/33 | 10/37 | P = 0.0074 (Fisher test) |
| 35 | GDM | 2/18 | 6/22 | P = 0.3 |
| Overall pregnancy complications | 3/18 | 10/22 | P = 0.09 |
| Severe pregnancy complications | 0/18 | 7/22 | P = 0.01 |
| 36 | Miscarriage | 1/31 | 7/26 | P = 0.01 |
| Preterm birth | 1/31 | 2/26 | P = 0.58 |
| Fatal macrosomia | 1/31 | 1/26 | P = 1.0 |
| IUGR | 0/31 | 1/26 | P = 0.45 |
| 5 min Apgar score (≤7) | 1/31 | 3/26 | P = 0.32 |
| Fatal anomalies | 0/31 | 1/26 | P = 0.45 |
| Neonatal mortality | 0/31 | 1/26 | P = 0.45 |
| GDM | 1/31 | 6/26 | |
|
