Diabetes and Quality of Life: A Ugandan Perspective

Table 5

Differential in quality of life in a bivariate analysis.

Independent variables	Quality of Life domains (average rank)^a
	Role limitation	Emotional health	Treatment satisfaction	Physical endurance	Diet satisfaction
Sex
Male	123.2	107.3	116.9	135.6	117.0
Female	105.0	111.0	107.4	100.3	107.4
	𝜒^2=3.6, 𝑃=0.058	𝜒^2=0.1, 𝑃=0.703	𝜒^2=1.0, 𝑃=0.325	𝜒^2=13.6, 𝑃=0.000	𝜒^2=1.0, 𝑃=0.316
Age group
Below 50 yrs	127.0	105.9	111.2	136.4	12.1
50–59	118.2	118.8	120.0	110.7	108.9
Above 59 yrs	75.1	107.1	97.6	68.5	98.1
	𝜒^2=26.4, 𝑃=0.000	𝜒^2=1.8, 𝑃=0.412	𝜒^2=4.0, 𝑃=0.823	𝜒^2=42.4, 𝑃=0.000	𝜒^2=3.9, 𝑃=0.145
Educational level
No education	74.2	86.9	95.6	76.1	96.0
Primary	100.2	113.2	105.7	99.4	105.7
Secondary	136.1	118.9	128.8	135.1	116.5
Tertiary	144.6	108.3	103.2	148.1	135.5
	𝜒^2=30.1, 𝑃=0.000	𝜒^2=6.1, 𝑃=0.107	𝜒^2=8.0, 𝑃=0.055	𝜒^2=31.0, 𝑃=0.000	𝜒^2=6.4, 𝑃=0.10
Body mass Index
<20	115.6	107.3	100.9	124.3	117.9
20–24.9	105.8	114.4	110.0	106.1	107.2
25–29.9	108.4	105.7	114.3	106.4	112.3
>30	124.1	108.7	106.4	120.7	106.9
	𝜒^2=2.1, 𝑃=0.573	𝜒^2=0.8, 𝑃=0.838	𝜒^2=0.9, 𝑃=0.823	𝜒^2=2.6, 𝑃=0.452	𝜒^2=0.7, 𝑃=0.855
Diabetes type
Type 1	109.3	109.9	104.2	113.9	106.6
Type 2	110.6	110.1	114.7	116.8	112.7
	𝜒^2=0.03, 𝑃=0.8755	𝜒^2=0.001, 𝑃=0.9811	𝜒^2=1.4, 𝑃=0.2223	𝜒^2=0.67, 𝑃=0.4126	𝜒^2=0.49, 𝑃=0.4804
Diabetic foot
No	123.2	103.3	106.5	128.2	125.8
Yes	98.7	115.7	113.0	94.5	96.5
	𝜒^2=8.1, 𝑃=0.0043	𝜒^2=2.1, 𝑃=0.1481	𝜒^2=0.55, 𝑃=0.4547	𝜒^2=15.39, 𝑃=0.0001	𝜒^2=11.63, 𝑃=0.006
Retinopathy
No	116.3	108.9	110.3	119.1	118.8
Yes	97.6	112.1	109.4	92.1	92.8
	𝜒^2=4.3, 𝑃=0.0388	𝜒^2=0.13, 𝑃=0.7208	𝜒^2=0.01, 𝑃=0.9173	𝜒^2=8.911, 𝑃=0.0028	𝜒^2=8.27, 𝑃=0.004
Hypertension
No	110.1	102.0	113.6	112.0	112.1
Yes	109.8	133.2	128.6	104.2	104.0
	𝜒^2=0.001, 𝑃=0.9782	𝜒^2=10.1, 𝑃=0.0015	𝜒^2=6.48, 𝑃=0.0109	𝜒^2=0.62, 𝑃=0.4291	𝜒^2=0.86, 𝑃=0.4094
Diabetes treatment
Insulin therapy	114.5	105.9	103.1	119.1	111.0
Oral therapy	109.2	111.7	114.3	106.4	110.1
Insulin and Oral	68.8	127.3	104.3	70.2	94.6
	𝜒^2=2.9, 𝑃=0.2277	𝜒^2=0.87, 𝑃=0.6462	𝜒^2=1.60, 𝑃=0.4483	𝜒^2=4.42, 𝑃=0.1097	𝜒^2=0.375, 𝑃=0.8292
Smoking status
No	109.7	109.9	110.6	109.7	110.9
Yes	123.5	117.8	76.1	124.1	63.3
	𝜒^2=0.18, 𝑃=0.667	𝜒^2=0.06, 𝑃=0.8050	𝜒^2=1.17, 𝑃=0.2805	𝜒^2=0.20, 𝑃=0.6527	𝜒^2=2.218, 𝑃=0.1364
Alcoholic status
No	106.4	108.5	108.1	107.5	109.8
Yes	140.5	122.8	125.8	131.7	111.5
	𝜒^2=5.93, 𝑃=0.0148	𝜒^2=1.04, 𝑃=0.3065	𝜒^2=1.59, 𝑃=0.2061	𝜒^2=3.01, 𝑃=0.0829	𝜒^2=0.01, 𝑃=0.9031

Note: assessment is based on summated scores in the various domains.
aAverage rank is a quotient of “Rank Sum” by number of observations in a group.