The Association between Serum Uric Acid and Residual β-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of subjects grouped by gender and serum uric acid levels (mean ± SD or number).

	Female		Male		Total
	LUA (𝑛=209)	HUA (𝑛=210)	LUA (𝑛=301)	HUA (𝑛=301)	LUA (𝑛=510)	HUA (𝑛=511)
sUA (μmol/L)	207.61±38.31	339.84±71.25^#	250.19±46.47	383.06±61.04^#	232.74±48.08	365.29±68.73^#
Age (yr)	57.83±11.11	61.40±11.42^†	55.65±11.63	54.23±13.52	56.54±11.45	57.18±13.16
Years from diagnosis	6.19±6.36	6.24±5.72	5.82±6.22	5.16±5.72	5.97±6.27	5.60±5.74
Hypertension (yes/no)	85/124	146/64^#	115/186	149/152^†	200/310	295/216^#
FDM (yes/no)	78/131	80/130	123/178	113/188	201/309	213/308
SBP (mmHg)	133.04±16.71	135.33±16.52	131.33±14.95	133.00±16.15	132.03±15.70	133.96±16.33
DBP (mmHg)	81.46±9.35	81.85±10.29	82.56±9.83	83.94±9.74	82.11±9.65	83.08±10.01
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.39±3.67	25.87±3.62^#	24.24±3.26	25.92±3.22^#	24.29±3.43	25.90±3.38^#
HbA1c (%)	9.51±2.51	8.85±2.39^†	9.83±2.55	9.15±2.39^†	9.70±2.53	9.02±2.39^#
TC (mmol/L)	4.99±1.18	5.09±1.15	4.70±1.13	4.74±1.10	4.81±1.15	4.88±1.13
TG (mmol/L)	1.57±1.17	1.90±1.30^#	1.57±1.39	2.27±2.21^#	1.56±1.30	2.11±1.89^#
HDL (mmol/L)	1.25±0.32	1.17±0.28^†	1.15±0.32	1.01±0.23^#	1.19±0.32	1.07±0.26^#
LDL (mmol/L)	3.12±0.87	3.19±0.84	3.00±0.79	3.03±0.74	3.05±0.82	3.09±0.78
ALT (IU/L)	25.17±18.35	28.52±25.71	25.65±18.95	33.65±25.17^#	25.45±18.69	31.54±25.49^#
INSR30	1.31±1.01	1.78±1.13^#	0.99±0.76	1.56±1.12^#	1.12±0.88	1.65±1.12^#
INSR120	1.59±1.43	2.29±1.76^#	1.18±1.08	1.94±1.59^#	1.34±1.25	2.08±1.66^#
DI30	7.10±3.89	7.35±3.59	6.49±3.20	7.47±3.65^#	6.74±3.50	7.41±3.62^#
DI120	8.52±5.78	9.10±4.94	7.61±4.35	9.23±5.46^#	7.97±5.00	9.17±5.24^#
HOMA-IR	2.46±1.73	3.04±1.86^#	2.02±1.48	2.71±1.89^#	2.20±1.59	2.84±1.88^#
Matsuda ISI	7.27±4.71	5.17±3.11^#	8.99±5.48	6.36±3.93^#	8.28±5.24	5.87±3.65^#

Abnormally distributed continuous variables, including HbA1c, TG, ALT, INS0, INS30, INS120, INSR30, INSR120, DI30, DI120, HOMA-IR, and Matsuda ISI, were log-transformed for analysis; nontransformed values were displayed for ease of interpretation. Differences between the LUA and HUA group were estimated using unpaired Student’s 𝑡-test (or chi-square test for classified data). ^†𝑃<0.01; ^#𝑃<0.001.