Acarbose Treatment and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Nationwide Seven-Year Follow-Up Study

Table 1

Demographics, comorbidities, and concomitant use of antidiabetic medications in those acarbose users with (𝑛=5081) or without (104058) CVD development.

Characteristic	Overall number	Did not develop CVD	Developed CVD	𝑃 value
	109,139	104,058	5,081
Age, years (mean ± SD)
30–39	9,417 (8.6)	9,239 (8.9)	178 (3.5)	<0.0001
40–49	25,707 (23.6)	24,936 (24.0)	771 (15.2)
50–59	32,921 (30.2)	31,496 (30.3)	1,425 (28.0)
60–69	22,343 (20.5)	21,035 (20.2)	1,308 (25.7)
70–79	14,295 (13.1)	13,269 (12.8)	1,026 (20.2)
80–89	4,152 (3.8)	3,805 (3.7)	347 (6.8)
>=90	304 (0.3)	278 (0.3)	26 (0.5)
Sex
Male	59,473 (54.5)	56,033 (53.8)	3,440 (67.7)	<0.0001
Female	49,666 (45.5)	48,025 (46.2)	1,641 (32.3)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	81,341 (74.5)	76,944 (73.9)	4,397 (86.5)	<0.0001
Hyperlipidemia	70,106 (64.2)	67,213 (64.6)	2,893 (56.9)	<0.0001
CKD	6,965 (6.4)	6,348 (6.1)	617 (12.1)	<0.0001
Other diabetes medications
Rosiglitazone	9,420 (8.6)	9,010 (8.7)	410 (8.0)	<0.0001
Metformin	72,378 (66.3)	70,037 (67.3)	2,341 (46.1)	<0.0001
Pioglitazone	14,963 (13.7)	14,557 (14.0)	406 (8.0)	<0.0001
Sulfonylurea	51,765 (47.4)	49,915 (48.0)	1,850 (36.4)	<0.0001
Meglitinide	13,161 (12.1)	12,551 (12.1)	610 (12.0)	<0.0001
Insulin	8,994 (8.2)	8,426 (8.1)	568 (11.2)	<0.0001
DPP4 inhibitor	11,641 (10.7)	11,528 (11.1)	113 (2.2)	<0.0001

CVD: cardiovascular disease. DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase 4. CKD: chronic kidney disease.