ACE Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Diabetic Nephropathy: Clinical Implications of Genetic Information

Table 1

Studies examining the association of the ACE I/D polymorphism and response to antiproteinuric (renoprotective) effect of ACE inhibitor therapy.

Authors; (year)	Ethnicity	Disease and patient number	Study durations; (month)	Therapy; drug	Effects on proteinuria or progression	Reference
Parving et al. (1996)	Caucasian	Type 1 DM (35)	84	Captopril	Faster progression and higher residual proteinuria in DD genotype	[44]
Jacobsen et al. (1998)	Caucasian	Type 1 DM (60)	6	Captopril	II genotype more; albuminuria reduction	[45]
Penno et al. (1998)	Caucasian	Type 1 DM (530)	24	Lisinopril	II genotype more; albuminuria reduction	[46]
Jacobsen et al. (2003)	Caucasian	Type 1 DM (169)	72	ACEIs (captopril, lisinopril, and enalapril)	D Allele accelerated; progression of DMN	[47]
Ha et al. (2000)	Asian (Korean)	Type 2 DM (83)	3	Benazepril, perindopril	DD genotype more; albuminuria reduction	[34]
So et al. (2006)	Asian (Chinese)	Type 2 DM (2089)	44.6	RAAS inhibitors	DD genotype higher risk of declining renal function	[48]
Cheema et al. (2013)	Asian (Indian)	Type 2 DM (490)	36	ACEIs	II genotype better; renoprotective effect	[49]

ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ACE I/D polymorphism: angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism.