Vitamin D Status and Its Relationship with Metabolic Markers in Persons with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in the UAE: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory variables in subgroups with different serum 25(OH) vitamin D cut-off values.
Variable
Severely deficient (<25 nmol/L) Group A
Deficient (25–50 nmol/L) Group B
Insufficient (50–75 nmol/L) Group C
value*
(males)
132 (28)
125 (40)
38 (11)
Age (years)
46.4 ± 8.0
49.8 ± 7.7
52 ± 5.5a
0.00
Weight (kg)
95.4 ± 17.7
94.7 ± 17.1
88.4 ± 13.0a
0.03
Body mass index (kg/m2)
37.8 ± 6.1
36.8 ± 6.4
34.9 ± 4.5a
0.03
Waist circumference (cm)
113 ± 13
111 ± 12
108 ± 9
0.09
Fat mass (kg)
44.9 ± 11.9
42.4 ± 10.7
39.9 ± 9.3a
0.03
25(OH) vitamin D (nmol/L)
17.5 ± 4.8
36.2 ± 6.8a
59.9 ± 7.3ab
0.00
Calcium (mmol/L)
2.29 ± 0.12
2.32 ± 0.09
2.34 ± 0.10a
0.02
Phosphorus (mmol/L)
1.09 ± 0.17
1.13 ± 0.17
1.14 ± 0.15
0.18
Parathyroid hormone (pmol/L)
6.6 ± 4.3
5.4 ± 3.3
4.5 ± 2.1a
0.01
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)
89.4 ± 24.1
81.8 ± 21.1a
79.4 ± 20.3a
0.01
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)
10.6 ± 4.2
10.0 ± 3.7
11.1 ± 4.3
0.28
HbA1c (%)
9.2 ± 2.1
8.7 ± 1.9a
9.7 ± 2.2
0.02
C-peptide (nmol/L)
1.1 ± 0.6
1.2 ± 0.5
1.0 ± 0.4
0.20
Hs-C-reactive protein (mg/L)
10.7 ± 10.3
8.8 ± 8.6
6.8 ± 5.3
0.04
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.1 ± 0.3
1.2 ± 0.2
1.2 ± 0.3
0.16
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
3.0 ± 1.0
2.9 ± 0.9
2.4 ± 0.7a
0.00
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
4.8 ± 1.1
4.6 ± 1.0
4.1 ± 0.9a
0.00
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
1.9 ± 1.0
1.6 ± 0.6a
1.5 ± 0.6a
0.00
Apolipoprotein B
0.94 ± 0.3
0.86 ± 0.2
0.80 ± 0.2
0.01
Data are presented as the mean ± SD. value for differences between groups according to ANOVA. aSignificance compared to group A. bSignificance compared to group B.
