Urinary Methylmalonic Acid as an Indicator of Early Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Its Role in Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes

Table 1

Comparison of the clinical data among the three groups.

Parameters	Group A	Group B	Group C
Age (year)	58.24 ± 10.53	55.81 ± 10.83	56.98 ± 10.72
Male/female	30/28	36/32	28/22
Duration (year)	6.28 ± 6.6	4.67 ± 5.88	4.13 ± 4.77
Vitamin B12 (ng/L)	127.53 ± 60.71	303.62 ± 109.98	662.86 ± 260.92
BMI (Kg/m^2)	26.06 ± 3.61	26.10 ± 3.31	25.93 ± 4.09
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	9.12 ± 2.33	9.42 ± 2.13	8.38 ± 1.97
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.79 ± 0.86	2.12 ± 1.81	1.81 ± 0.88
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.20 ± 0.24	1.31 ± 0.28*	1.39 ± 0.31*
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.72 ± 0.80	2.84 ± 0.63	2.01 ± 1.23
Serum creatinine (umol/L)	60.00 ± 4.32	65.89 ± 4.71	61.08 ± 4.46
Hemoglobin (g/L)	130.10 ± 18.54	136.65 ± 14.58*	146.71 ± 10.01^*#
Mean corpuscular volume (fL)	85.32 ± 5.60	86.66 ± 8.36	87.38 ± 9.98
Ferritin (ug/L)	166.44 ± 92.51	225.18 ± 103.06*	259.33 ± 119.33^*#
Folic acid (ng/L)	6.17 ± 2.06	6.50 ± 2.18*	6.58 ± 2.32*
Holotranscobalamin (pmol/L)	54.82 ± 30.47	70.10 ± 26.00^a	81.32 ± 32.91^ab
Urinary methylmalonic acid/creatinine	8.04 ± 2.19	4.15 ± 1.06^a	2.75 ± 0.71^ab
Blood methylmalonic acid (nmol/L)	400.09 ± 80.52	370.57 ± 110.9^a	350.72 ± 120.02^a
Metformin drug usage (%)	80	76	79
Polyneuropathy (%)	35	21	18

Values are means ± SD. *P < 0.05 compared to group A; ^#P < 0.05 compared to group B; ^aP < 0.01 compared to group A; ^bP < 0.01 compared to group B.