Relationship between Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of patients and controls.

	Patient group ( = 88)		Control group ( = 33)
	Mean ± s.d./, %		Mean ± s.d./, %
Age (years)	60.03	±12.22	58.82	±10.80
Gender
Male	38	43.2%	17	51.5%
Female	50	56.8%	16	48.5%
BMI (kg/m^2)	31.52	±5.80	26.87	±3.89^***
Waist circumference (cm)	108.75	±14.07	94.36	±9.75^***
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	130.51	±14.40	118.03	±8.00^***
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	81.25	±8.17	74.24	±7.82^***
BDNF (pg/mL)	206.81	±107.32	130.84	±59.81^***
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	170.36	±91.21	85.33	±11.49^***
Fasting insulin (µU/mL)	9.26	±4.92	5.48	±2.13^***
HOMA-IR	3.73	±3.05	1.16	±0.48^***
HbA1c (%)	8.30	±2.37	5.42	±0.52^***
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	175.95	±108.67	156.30	±65.02
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	212.21	±35.97	199.20	±52.50
LDL (mg/dL)	128.18	±32.17	115.52	±44.26
HDL (mg/dL)	47.01	±13.54	48.27	±13.20
CRP (mg/L)	7.84	±2.84	2.57	±1.07^***
ESR (mm/hr)	26.09	±10.54	19.79	±5.58^***
White blood cell (×10^3/µL)	7278.41	±2190.07	6624.24	±1683.38
Ferritin (ng/mL)	84.88	±38.69	44.52	±26.58
Creatinine clearance (mL/min)	91.74	±40.88	158.54	±83.23^***
Oral antidiabetic drug	56	64%	0	0%
Oral antidiabetic drug plus insulin	16	18%	0	0%
Insulin	16	18%	0	0%
Antihypertension	54	61%	0	0%
Antilipid	26	30%	0	0%
Smoking history	31	35.2%	0	0%

Student’s -test, Yates’ continuity correction test, and Mann-Whitney test.
Statistical significance: ^*** < 0.001.
BMI: body mass index, BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, CRP: C-reactive protein, and ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate.